2 Corinthians & Pauline Ministry

a Wesley Sermon 138 grieving the Holy Spirit

A transcript of John Wesley's Sermon 138, 'On Grieving The Holy Spirit,' originally written in 1733. This version is an abridged and revised edition of the 1872 Thomas Jackson edition, edited by George Lyons with minor corrections by Ryan Danker for the Wesley Center for Applied Theology at Northwest Nazarene University. The sermon provides an exegetical commentary on Ephesians 4:30, exploring the nature of God's 'grief' as a disposition of His will arising from love and abhorrence of sin. Wesley outlines how sins offend the Holy Spirit through His immediate presence in the believer, as acts of contempt toward divine love, and as a failure to achieve the sanctification intended by the Spirit's work.

Ephesians 4:30 · 1 Corinthians 6:19 · 2 Corinthians 1:22

Quotations, Ideas

A compilation of thematic notes, topical indices, and theological quotations organized by date, spanning from 1989 to 2005. The document serves as a repository of references for sermon preparation and lectures, covering subjects such as the Cross, the Law, Judgment, Justice, Mercy, and the 'Darkness of God.' Included are excerpts from authors such as E. E. Herman, Thomas Merton, H. Richard Niebuhr, George MacDonald, T. S. Eliot, Kenneth Leech, and Ronald Blythe. The document also contains brief personal reflections on church heritage and notes regarding John of the Cross.

Exodus 20:19-20 · Isaiah 6 · Isaiah 45:15

T Quotations, Ideas

A collection of sermon topics, thematic ideas, and quotations organized by date, spanning from 1989 to 2005. The document includes a topical index covering subjects such as 'Darkness of God,' 'Justice-mercy,' 'Hidden God,' and 'John of the Cross.' Chronological entries provide specific quotations from authors including E. E. Herman, Thomas Merton, H. Richard Niebuhr, George MacDonald, T. S. Eliot, Kenneth Leech, and Ronald Blythe, often linked to specific sermon dates or lecture notes.

Exodus 20:19-20 · Isaiah 6 · Isaiah 45:15

The Essence of Wesleyanism

A sermon by Frank G. Carver exploring the theological core of Wesleyanism, defined as 'free grace.' The text examines John Wesley's dual understanding of grace: first, as the undeserved favor of God (similar to the Reformers), and second, as the power of the Holy Spirit enabling human participation and renewal. Carver focuses heavily on the doctrine of prevenient grace—described as 'grace free in all, grace free for all'—and its role in enabling human response to God. The document further discusses the resulting spiritual graces of the assurance of salvation (referencing Wesley's Aldersgate experience) and the transformation of life.

Ephesians 2:8

The Vision of the Holy

A sermon transcript based on Isaiah 6:1-13, focusing on the theme of 'The Vision of the Holy.' The author explores the theological significance of Isaiah's vision, arguing that rather than a standard call narrative to legitimize a prophet, this chapter serves as a vision report to authenticate Isaiah's message of judgment to Israel. The sermon outlines three sub-topics: a vision of the transcendent (vv. 1-4), a vision of sin and grace (vv. 5-8), and a vision of judgment and hope (vv. 8-13). The author reflects on the implications of God's holiness for the contemporary Church of the Nazarene and discusses personal reflections on the 'holiness' tradition in relation to Old Testament texts, including Exodus 20 and Hosea 11.

Isaiah 6:1-13 · Isaiah 6:8 · Isaiah 6:9

Thoughts on Spiritual Journey

A sermon delivered by Frank G. Carver at Eastern Nazarene College (ENC) Chapel on October 10, 2001. The speaker reflects on his spiritual journey through various life stages, including his childhood in Nebraska, his time at Taylor University, and his transition to living in Quincy, Massachusetts. Using 1 John 1:5-7 as a theological foundation, Carver discusses themes of 'dry faith,' the process of enculturation, and the development of his ministry, while referencing his family history and early religious experiences.

1 John 1:5-7 · John 3:16 · Exodus 20:21

Chap 18 - Christology Today - Truly God and Truly Human

A lecture transcript or course chapter discussing contemporary Christology. The text emphasizes a 'dialogical' approach to theology, arguing that Christology should not be a purely theoretical academic exercise but a response to the 'present Christ' within the context of worship and confession. The author references Dietrich Bonhoeffer's focus on the 'Who?' question and uses Charles Wesley's hymns to illustrate the link between dogmatics and doxology. The document provides a summary of previous studies, tracing the development from the 'historical Jesus' research (the first and second quests) to the 'third quest,' specifically noting N.T. Wright's work on Jesus within the context of Israel's story and the historical credibility of the resurrection.

Matthew 4:4 · Matthew 28:20 · Galatians 1:4

Chapter 2 - Wesleyan Perspective

A lecture transcript discussing the placement of Wesleyan theology within the broader context of the 'Great Church.' The author argues against a sectarian 'Wesleyanism' or ideology, asserting instead that the Wesleyan tradition shares the core Trinitarian-Christological convictions of all orthodox Christian traditions. The text outlines the methodology for a three-volume theological work, stating that the project will first establish the central convictions of the Christian faith (Incarnation, Atonement, Creation, and the Trinity) before examining Wesleyan-specific emphases such as justification, sanctification, and redemption. The document also touches upon the historical identity of John and Charles Wesley as members of the Church of England.

Chapter 7 - Faith of Israel

A lecture transcript discussing the historical context of Second Temple Judaism as a prerequisite for understanding the historical-critical study of Jesus of Nazareth. The text defines Second Temple Judaism by its period (c. 520/515 BC to AD 70), its formative influences (Ezra and Nehemiah), and its key features, including the continuity of the priesthood and festivals alongside the emergence of the synagogue and new feasts like Purim and Hanukkah. The document addresses the impact of Hellenistic culture, the Maccabean revolt, and the development of the Hebrew Scriptures canon. It also references scholarly shifts in understanding the period, specifically citing the work of Martin Hengel regarding Hellenism and E.P. Sanders regarding the rejection of the 'legalistic' view of Judaism.

Torah · Former Prophets · Latter Prophets

Greek Exegesis 11-23-09 Handouts

Lecture handouts from a session on Greek Exegesis taught by Tom Phillips on November 23, 2009. The document provides a content and functional outline of 2 Corinthians, focusing on apostolic ministry, suffering, and reconciliation. It includes a detailed grammatical and syntactical analysis of 2 Corinthians 5:16–21, posing specific exegetical questions regarding Greek particles (e.g., hōste, oun), lexical choices (e.g., kainē ktisis, katallagēte), and theological implications for the doctrine of atonement and the 'new creation.' The document concludes with the full text of 2 Corinthians 5:16–21 and a reference to 2 Corinthians 5:14–15.

2 Corinthians 1:1-11 · 2 Corinthians 1:12-7:16 · 2 Corinthians 1:12-2:13

NT Synoptic Exegesis

An instructional guide for students on conducting an exegetical study of a pericope found in all three Synoptic Gospels. The document outlines a specific five-stage research methodology: literary setting, structure and form, detailed analysis (focusing on word meaning, syntax, and rhetorical devices), summary interpretation (addressing both the biblical-theological meaning and the historical setting of Jesus' ministry), and contemporary relevance. It includes requirements for paper length, grading weight, and bibliography composition, as well as evaluation criteria focusing on mechanics, exegetical procedure, and interpretive insight.

Synoptic Gospels

T McCormack Sanctification

A lecture transcript by Bruce McCormack, Professor of Systematic Theology at Princeton Theological Seminary, delivered to a class taught by Sam Powell on November 19, 2004. The lecture, titled 'Called unto Holiness: The Doctrine of Sanctification,' explores the definition of sanctification as the transformative work of the Holy Spirit to destroy the dominion of sin. Drawing on Karl Barth's 1919 commentary on Romans, McCormack describes the 'sin nature' as a state of autonomy and alienation from God and others resulting from the Fall. The text discusses the transition from a 'being-with' to a 'being-over-against' God and others, and posits that sanctification involves the overcoming of this 'old self' to create a redeemed self.

Hebrews 12:14 · Galatians 5:16-18 · Ephesians 2:3

Corinthians IX

A lecture or study notes titled "Reconciliation: A New Creation," dated March 25, 2007, focusing on 2 Corinthians 5:16-21. The document outlines Paul's ministry of reconciliation and explores the theological implications of being a "new creation" in Christ. The author provides a detailed commentary on verse 16, discussing the shift from a worldly or "fleshly" (kata sarka) perspective to a spiritual one, specifically addressing how the death and resurrection of Christ transformed Paul's view of others and Christ himself. The text includes references to various Bible translations (NIV, NASB, NRSV) and scholarly works by authors such as Ralph P. Martin and Harris.

2 Corinthians 5:16-21 · 2 Corinthians 4:1 · 2 Corinthians 1:12-7:16

Corinthians V

A study guide or lecture outline focused on 2 Corinthians 8:1–9:15, titled 'The Grace of Christian Giving.' The document examines the theological and practical implications of Paul's collection for the Jerusalem saints. It includes a linguistic analysis of Greek terminology used in the passage—such as charis, haplotēs, koinōnia, and diakonia—and compares the vocabulary in 2 Corinthians with 1 Corinthians 16:1-4. The text also provides a commentary outline on the liberality of the Macedonian churches and includes comparative notes on various Bible translations (NASB, NRSV, NIV) regarding specific Greek phrases.

2 Corinthians 8:1-9:15 · 2 Corinthians 8:9 · 1 Corinthians 16:1-4

Corinthians VI

A lecture or study notes dated July 23, 2006, focusing on an exegesis of 2 Corinthians 3:1–4:6. The document explores the concept of 'ministry' (diakonia), contrasting contemporary usages with biblical definitions. Carver discusses the work of John W. Wright and John N. Collins regarding the semantic shifts of 'ministry' and 'service.' The text provides a structural outline for a commentary on 2 Corinthians, specifically detailing the 'Apostolic Ministry' and the distinction between the ministry of the letter and the ministry of the Spirit. The excerpt includes a detailed examination of the glory of the new covenant versus the old covenant, supported by scriptural citations from 2 Corinthians 3:1–4:6.

2 Corinthians 1:1-11 · 2 Corinthians 1:12—7:16 · 2 Corinthians 2:14-17

Corinthians X

A lecture or study guide prepared by Frank G. Carver for a series on 2 Corinthians, specifically focusing on 2 Corinthians 6:1-10. The document examines Paul's description of 'The Life of An Apostle' as a component of his broader defense of his apostolic ministry. Carver explores the motive, message, and manner of Christian life and service, emphasizing that the apostle's manner of life must be consistent with the message of reconciliation. The text includes an exegetical discussion of 2 Corinthians 5:11-15, focusing on the motive of 'fear of the Lord' and being 'compelled by Christ's love,' and references various models of modern ministry in contrast to the Pauline model.

2 Corinthians 1:1-11 · 2 Corinthians 1:12—7:16 · 2 Corinthians 2:14-17

Dan Powers on 1 Peter

A study of 1 Peter 1:1-2 by Dan Powers, focusing on the Trinitarian foundations of salvation and the identity of the early Christian community. The text examines the roles of the Father's foreknowledge, the Spirit's sanctifying work, and the atoning blood of Jesus Christ. Key themes include the concept of Christians as 'resident aliens' or 'scattered strangers,' the application of Israelite covenant imagery to Gentile believers, and the nature of sanctification (hagiasmos) as both a process and a result of the Holy Spirit's activity. The document also contains editorial notes/correspondence regarding the refinement of theological terminology (e.g., 'historic Christian theology' vs. 'basic') and suggestions regarding eschatological themes.

1 Peter 1:1-2 · Matthew 28:19 · 2 Corinthians 13:14

Darkness -- M Teresa - Georgian Harkness - Palmer

A study exploring the theme of 'darkness of faith' through the lives of Mother Teresa and Georgia Harkness. The document examines Mother Teresa's spiritual experience of 'interior darkness' and her identification with the Cross, referencing Brian Kolodiejchuk’s biography. It also discusses the transition from a faith of human spiritual victory to a faith dependent on divine grace, as exemplified by Georgia Harkness's experience of the 'dark night.'

Hebrews

Ezra-Nehemiah 6--A Holy People I

A lecture or study guide titled 'A Holy People I,' focusing on the books of Ezra and Nehemiah (specifically Ezra 3:1—7:10). The document explores the theme of holiness within the restored community of Israel, examining Ezra's role as a scribe skilled in the law of Moses and his mission to establish a holy people. The text traces the historical context from the decree of Cyrus to the arrival of Ezra under King Artaxerxes, discussing the rebuilding of the altar and temple foundation, the opposition from Samaritans and local inhabitants, and the theological tension between 'law and gospel.' It includes references to the 'vertical' God-ward dimension of worship and mentions scholarly themes regarding the definition of law and the role of the Church.

Ezra 3:1 · Ezra 7:1-10 · Ezra 7:6

Gerard Mother Teresa's Dark Ngt

A brief reflection by Richard John Neuhaus, originally published in First Things (#188, December 2008), discussing the distinction between doubt as a withholding of consent and the 'dark night of the soul.' The text references Cardinal Newman and Paul Murray's 'I Loved Jesus in the Night' to argue that Mother Teresa's spiritual anguish was characterized not by a crisis of faith or doubt, but by a 'torturing longing for God' and the pain of divine absence.

Hebrews Eight 1-19-14

A sermon transcript or study notes prepared for January 19, 2014, focusing on Hebrews 3:1-6. The text explores the themes of Jesus as the 'apostle and high priest' and the comparison between Jesus and Moses. Carver discusses the identity of believers as 'holy partners' and 'family' of God, emphasizing the imperative to 'consider Jesus.' The document includes exegetical commentary on the Greek word order in Hebrews 3:1, the significance of Jesus' titles, and personal reflections on the nature of preaching.

Hebrews 1:1-4 · Hebrews 1:4-14 · Hebrews 2:1-4

Hebrews Eighteen 7-27-14

A teaching outline and lecture notes for a study on Hebrews 5:11–6:20, titled 'Priming the Pump!'. The document discusses the transition from the identity of Jesus as the Son of God to his work as High Priest. It includes a structured breakdown of the passage into themes: reproof concerning arrested spiritual development, the exhortation to maturity, a warning regarding irreversible apostasy, words of reassurance, and encouragement based on God's trustworthiness. The author seeks input on potential titles for the lesson, such as 'The Education of the Christian' or 'Christian Perfection,' and utilizes an outline provided by Kevin Anderson.

Hebrews 5:11-6:20 · Hebrews 1:1-4:16 · Hebrews 5:1-10

Hebrews Eleven 3-9-14

This document appears to be a lecture transcript or study guide, dated March 9, 2014, focusing on a theological examination of Hebrews 2:10-18. The author explores the concept of the 'atoning sacrifice' and the necessity of Christ becoming human to act as a merciful high priest. The text contrasts two visions of Christianity: one centered on the 'religion of Jesus' (life-imitation) and another centered on the 'gospel of Christ' (faith-participation). To frame this debate, the author utilizes the work of British theologian P. T. Forsyth, specifically discussing Forsyth's defense of the Apostolic Gospel and his theological transition from liberal theology. The document also incorporates reflections from Albert Schweitzer, the Apostle Paul, and the Apostle John, and includes scholarly citations regarding Forsyth's Christology and its relationship to the Chalcedonian formula.

Hebrews 2:10-18 · Hebrews 2:17 · 2 Corinthians

Hebrews Fifteen 5-25-14

A sermon or Bible study transcript titled "GOD HAS SPOKEN: ‘mercy and . . .grace to help’" focusing on Hebrews 4:14-16. The author explores the theological significance of Jesus as the great high priest who has passed through the heavens, examining the text's function as both exposition and exhortation. The document discusses scholarly perspectives on the placement of these verses within the book of Hebrews, specifically referencing the views of Howard T. Kuist and Anderson regarding whether the passage serves as a conclusion to an earlier section or an introduction to a new one. The author emphasizes the 'because... therefore' nature of the Christian life based on the availability of Christ's high priesthood and touches upon the parallels between the text and the Lord's Prayer.

Hebrews 4:14-16 · Hebrews 1:3 · Hebrews 2:9

Hebrews Five 9-29-13

A sermon or Bible study transcript focused on Hebrews 2:1-4, exploring the relationship between theological revelation and hortatory exhortation. The author discusses the necessity of paying attention to the Gospel to avoid 'drifting away' and examines the author of Hebrews' designation of the epistle as a 'word of exhortation' (Hebrews 13:22). The text incorporates scholarly references to T. W. Manson on Johannine theology, W. E. Sangster on the importance of doctrinal preaching, and Alexander B. Bruce on the interweaving of theology and counsel in Hebrews. The document also includes exegetical notes on the warning passages in Hebrews and the significance of the 'therefore' in Hebrews 2:1.

Hebrews 2:1-4 · Hebrews 2:1 · Hebrews 2:3a

Hebrews Four 9-22-13

A sermon or Bible study transcript dated September 22, 2013, focusing on the theme of angels and 'ministering spirits' as described in Hebrews 1:14 and Hebrews 4. The document includes scriptural comparisons between the NRSV and NASB translations, a reflection by Thomas Merton regarding an angelic intervention during a woodcutting accident, and two anecdotal accounts of providential encounters: one by Keith Pagan involving a mysterious 'Man in the Gray Suit' who facilitated a bus repair, and a partial account by Ron Benefiel regarding a medical emergency. The text also contains scholarly citations and references to the Epistle to the Hebrews, including works by Anderson and F. F. Bruce.

Hebrews 1:5-14 · Hebrews 1:14 · Psalm 110:1

Hebrews: Inductive Lecture Notes

Lecture notes and research fragments for a course on the Epistle to the Hebrews. The document contains various pedagogical elements, including theological reflections on the sacrificial death of Jesus, references to contemporary Jerusalem, and a collection of quotations from diverse sources such as Dietrich Bonhoeffer, Paul S. Minear, P. T. Forsyth, and A. B. Bruce. The notes include liturgical or devotional elements (hymns and prayers), references to biblical passages (Luke 24:45, John 14:7), and bibliographic citations intended for use in preaching or teaching regarding the nature of the New Testament and the role of the Bible in spiritual life.

Luke 24:45 · John 14:7 · John 14:9

Interpretive Questions 12 1-10

A teaching outline and study guide focused on Romans 6:1-10, titled 'PAUL: “GOD FORBID”'. The document examines the transition from the theological foundations of Romans 5 (the comparison of Adam and Christ) to the practical implications of sanctification in Romans 6. It explores the concept of being 'dead to sin and alive to God in Christ Jesus,' utilizing the Greek conjunction 'oun' (therefore) to trace the logical progression of Paul's argument regarding baptism, death to the old self, and new life in Christ. The text includes scripture quotations from the NRSV and NASB, references to scholars such as Greathouse, Lyons, and Robert Jewett, and outlines structural components of the Epistle to the Romans.

Romans 1:1-15 · Romans 1:16-17 · Romans 1:18-3:20

Job4

A lecture or study notes dated September 22, 2002, focusing on the prologue of the Book of Job (1:6-12), titled 'The Wager.' The document outlines a structural breakdown of the prologue, contrasting the heavenly dialogue with the earthly narrative. It examines the figure of 'the Satan' (hassatan), analyzing the Hebrew term as a title meaning 'the accuser' or 'the adversary' rather than a proper name. The text explores the role of the Satan within the Divine Council as a legalistic figure or public prosecutor, drawing linguistic connections between the Hebrew 'stn' and the Greek 'kategoreo' in the New Testament. The author incorporates perspectives from various scholars, including Gustavo Gutierrez, Gerald Janzen, Bernard Anderson, and G. B. Caird, to discuss themes of suffering, justice, and the heavenly court.

Job 1:1-5 · Job 1:6-12 · Job 1:33-22

Romans 1 Introduction 1-06-08

Lecture notes or study materials for a session on Romans 1, dated January 6, 2008. The document introduces a study of Paul's letter to the Romans, primarily referencing William M. Greathouse's two-volume commentary (New Beacon Bible Commentary) with contributions from George Lyons. The text outlines the historical setting of the letter (likely written from Corinth, 53-59 AD), discusses the theological shift from a traditional Lutheran/Reformed understanding of justification to a 'new perspective' that emphasizes God's righteousness as a power for ethical transformation—a view shared by Ernst Käsemann, John Wesley, and N. T. Wright. The document also includes a structural outline of Romans provided by Greathouse, covering the letter's prescript and the thesis of the gospel, and concludes with brief, unrelated fragments regarding Augustine's conversion and Karl Barth.

Romans 1:1-15 · Romans 1:16-17 · Romans 1:18-32

Romans 2 Paul's Christology 1-20-08

A study of Romans 1:1-7 focusing on Paul's Christology, specifically the identity of Jesus Christ as the 'Son of God.' The document includes a personal narrative by Frank G. Carver regarding his theological transition from Methodism to the Church of the Nazarene and his early interactions with William M. Greathouse. It also incorporates biographical information about the Apostle Paul, drawn from Greathouse's commentary, detailing Paul's Jewish heritage, Roman citizenship, and linguistic abilities.

Romans 1:1-7 · Philippians 3:4-6 · Acts 16:37-39

Romans 3 Paul and the Romans 2-3-08

A lecture or study notes document dated February 3, 2008, focusing on Romans 1:8-15 and the theological themes of Romans. The author begins with an introduction contrasting the value systems of professional sports (referencing an article about Tomlinson) and the ministry of Mother Teresa. The text discusses recent Pauline scholarship, specifically reviewing Robert Jewett’s Hermeneia commentary on Romans and Luke Timothy Johnson’s critique of it in Christian Century. The author compares the scholarly approach of Jewett to the more 'passionately engaged' theological exposition found in Greathouse and George Lyons, particularly regarding the Wesleyan perspective on sanctification and obedience to the gospel. The document also mentions various scholars and former students of Emory University.

Romans 1:8-15 · Romans 1:5-7 · Colossians 3:10

Romans 4: The Wrath of God, Part I

A lecture or study guide titled 'Paul and the Wrath of God: The Dark Side of the Gospel,' focusing on Romans 1:18-32. The document begins with a retrospective on Romans 1:8-15, discussing the 'ministry of presence' and the mutual encouragement of faith, referencing Mother Teresa's approach to finding Jesus in others. The primary focus is an exposition of the 'human predicament' as described in Romans 1:18-32, examining the parallel Greek structure between the revelation of God's righteousness and the revelation of His wrath (apokalyptetai). The text explores the concept of God's wrath being revealed through the gospel and the consequences of humanity suppressing the truth, leading to moral depravity.

Romans 1:8-15 · Romans 1:11-12 · Romans 1:16-17

Romans 6 The Wrath of God Part IIb 5-18-08

A lecture or study notes titled 'Paul and the Wrath of God: The Dark Side of the Gospel (Part IIb),' dated May 18, 2008, focusing on Romans 1:18-32. The document examines the theological implications of Romans 1:26-27 regarding homosexuality, specifically addressing the tension between biblical text and contemporary interpretations of same-sex relationships. The author explores the concept of 'God giving them over' to sexual perversion as a consequence of idolatry and reviews various scholarly perspectives, including those of Richard Hays, Walter Wink, Jack Rogers, and William Greathouse, regarding whether the passage refers to sexual orientation or specific behaviors.

Romans 1:18-32 · Romans 1:24 · Romans 1:26

Steinmetz on Mother Teresa

An article by David C. Steinmetz, published in Christian Century (October 30, 2007), discussing the spiritual implications of Mother Teresa's reported periods of spiritual desolation. Steinmetz compares her experience of feeling abandoned by God to Martin Luther's 'Anfechtungen' (spiritual trials) and St. John of the Cross's 'dark night of the soul.' The author argues that increased sensitivity to sin and the perception of a lack of progress are often indicators of spiritual growth, suggesting that sanctity involves persevering in duty and prayer even during periods of emotional or spiritual dryness.

T Grace Wesleyanism

A study titled 'The Essence of Wesleyanism,' originally delivered as a talk at a 1993 Wesley Festival at Point Loma Nazarene College and later published in The Preachers’ Magazine (1996). The author explores the theological foundations of Wesleyanism, focusing on the concept of 'free grace.' The text examines John Wesley's dual understanding of grace: as God's undeserved favor and as the power of the Holy Spirit enabling human participation and renewal. Key theological themes include prevenient grace (described as 'free in all and free for all') and the relationship between grace, faith, and holiness. The document includes references to Wesley's sermons, the 1745 Conference Minutes, and H. Ray Dunning's work on Wesleyan systematic theology.

Ephesians 2:8 · 2 Corinthians 8:9 · Hebrews 4:16

Handouts on 2 Cor Interpretation

Lecture handouts or study notes prepared by Frank G. Carver regarding the interpretation of 2 Corinthians. The document provides a structural and exegetical analysis of 2 Corinthians 1:1-2 and 4:7–5:10. The first section examines Paul's salutation, discussing its roots in Near Eastern epistolary traditions and its adaptation into a 'Christianized' form. The second section focuses on Paul's characterization of ministry as a 'ministry of suffering,' analyzing the tension between physical frailty and spiritual renewal, and comparing Paul's catalogs of affliction to the rhetorical traditions of Stoic and Cynic sages. The document includes scriptural citations, scholarly references (including Doty, Murphy-O'Connor, and Thielicke), and concludes with a reflection on the power of the Resurrection.

2 Corinthians 1:1-2 · 2 Corinthians 2:14-6:10 · 2 Corinthians 4:7-15

Chapter 2 True Knowledge 1:3-21 2 Peter

A scholarly commentary on 2 Peter 1:3-21, focusing on the nature of 'true knowledge' in the Christian faith. The document provides a linguistic and exegetical analysis of the Greek text, specifically examining the particle 'hōs' in verse 3 and the implications for paragraph structure. It explores the source of true knowledge as divine power (theia dynamis) for godliness (eusebeia), the virtuous nature of such knowledge, and its foundation in the testimony of eyewitnesses and Scripture. The text includes discussions on the grammatical antecedents of 'his divine power,' the distinction between conversion-based knowledge (epignōsis) and subsequent moral development, and the relationship between biblical truth and personal experience.

2 Peter 1:3-21 · 2 Peter 1:3 · 2 Peter 1:4

Chapter 3 False Teachers 2:1-22 2 Peter

This document contains scholarly commentary and structural analysis regarding 2 Peter 2:1-22, focusing on the emergence and characteristics of false teachers. The text examines the historical occasion of the epistle, noting the threat false teachers posed to the faith of believers. It explores the literary relationship between 2 Peter and Jude, discussing parallels in their descriptions of immoral, greedy, and blasphemous teachers, as well as the scholarly debate regarding literary dependence. The author provides a structural analysis of 2 Peter 1:16–2:3, citing Bauckham's chiastic structure, and compares the false teachers of the second epistle to the false prophets of the Old Testament. Additionally, the text includes a sidebar from Green (1987) discussing the practical application of Peter's warnings to contemporary readers regarding various moral temptations.

2 Peter 2:1-22 · 2 Peter 1:16-2:3 · 2 Peter 2:1

Chapter 4 Promise of Christ's Coming 3:1-16 2 Peter

This document contains a scholarly commentary on 2 Peter 3:1-16, focusing on the transition from the denunciation of false teachers in chapter 2 to the encouragement of believers in chapter 3. The author provides a structural breakdown of the passage into four parts: the prediction of scoffers, the delay of Christ's coming, the certainty of Christ's coming, and concluding exhortations. Specifically, the text examines the first section (3:1-7), discussing the use of the term 'dear friends' (agapētoi), the debate regarding the identity of Peter's 'first letter,' and the two sources of truth presented to the readers: the words of the holy prophets and the apostolic commands. The commentary concludes with a reflection on the importance of pursuing a godly lifestyle to avoid the sin-driven misinterpretation of Scripture.

2 Peter 3:1-16 · 2 Peter 3:1-7 · 2 Peter 3:1-2

Commentary Draft 1 John Chapter 3 11-4-09

A draft commentary on 1 John 3:1-24, focusing on the themes of Christ-like love, divine identity, and eschatological tension. The author provides an exegetical analysis of specific Greek terms such as 'idete' (see/behold), 'potapēn' (lavish/great), and 'tekna theou' (children of God). The text discusses the concept of prevenient grace, the distinction between 'already' and 'not yet' eschatalogical perspectives in Johannine literature, and the future transformation of the believer to be like Christ. The draft also touches upon the implications of family metaphors in the ancient Near East and the necessity of living holily in preparation for the day Christ appears.

1 John 3:1-24 · 1 John 1:1-4 · 1 John 1:10

Commentary Draft 1 John Chapter 3 after response by Rick

A draft commentary on 1 John 3:1-24, focusing on the themes of Christ-like love, divine identity, and eschatology. The text provides an exegetical analysis of verses 1-6, examining the Greek imperatives 'idete' and 'idou' and the concept of 'prevenient grace' through the lens of God's initiative in loving his children. The author discusses the tension between 'already' and 'not yet' eschatology in Johannine literature, specifically regarding the future appearance of Christ and the believer's transformation. The draft also includes reflections on the believer's confidence in prayer and the pursuit of holiness in preparation for standing before God.

1 John 1:7 · 1 John 2:2 · 1 John 3:1-24

Commentary Draft 1 John Chapter 3 for submission to Rick

A draft commentary on 1 John 3, focusing on the themes of Christ-like love, the believer's identity as children of God, and the tension between realized and future eschatology. The text provides an exegetical analysis of verses 1-24, examining Greek terminology such as 'idete' (see/behold), 'potapēn' (lavished/massive), and 'tekna theou' (children of God). The author discusses the implications of divine initiative (prevenient grace) and the ethical obligations of those in God's family, concluding with reflections on the importance of living holily in anticipation of Christ's return.

1 John 3:1-24 · 1 John 1:7 · 1 John 1:10

Final Edited Introduction 2 Peter 7-4-09

This document contains a draft introduction to a commentary on the Second Epistle of Peter. The text provides an overview of the book's reception, noting its historical neglect due to its argumentative tone and concerns regarding its authenticity. A significant portion of the document is dedicated to the debate over Petrine authorship, presenting a structured list of arguments against the traditional view (such as stylistic differences from 1 Peter, Hellenistic language, and the delay of the Parousia) alongside corresponding counterarguments (such as the potential use of an amanuensis or the existence of early first-century concerns regarding Christ's return). The document concludes with editorial notes and queries regarding bibliography, word choice, and the author's theological stance on pseudepigraphy.

2 Peter 1:1 · 2 Peter 1:16-18 · 2 Peter 3:15-16

Final Form in HLP Revision--Theological themes in 2 Corinthians

An essay exploring the theological themes of 2 Corinthians, focusing on Paul's Christology, hermeneutics, and the role of the Holy Spirit. The author examines Paul's use of Old Testament scripture to interpret the work of Christ, the concept of 'freedom' in the Spirit, and the transformative power of the Word within the church community. The document also outlines the first two points of a proposed ten-part sermon series on the epistle: proclaiming the pre-eminence of Christ and centering Christian life on the life, death, and resurrection of Jesus.

2 Corinthians 1:1 · 2 Corinthians 3:7-18 · 2 Corinthians 4:4-6

Final Review 1 John Chapter 1

A scholarly commentary and review of 1 John 1:1-10, focusing on the prologue and its relationship to the Gospel of John. The document examines the linguistic features of the text, specifically the use of first-person plural pronouns to suggest a 'Johannine circle' or school of disciples. It discusses various scholarly theories regarding the authorship of the Johannine corpus (John the Apostle, John the Elder, and John the Revelator) and analyzes the lack of formal Greco-Roman epistolary elements in 1 John despite its personal, affectionate tone. The text also explores the theological implications of the term 'the beginning' (archēs) and the themes of fellowship and theological integrity.

1 John 1:1-10 · 1 John 1:1-4 · 1 John 1:6

Final Review 1 John Chapter 2

A detailed exegetical commentary and review of 1 John 2:1-29, focusing on the section 'Jesus Our Defender (2:1-6)'. The document analyzes Greek terminology, including 'teknia mou' (my dear children) and 'paraklēton' (advocate/counselor), to explore themes of pastoral concern, the distinction between habitual sin and occasional lapses, and the role of Jesus as the defender of the believer. The text also discusses the linguistic shift from 'we' to 'I' in the epistle and concludes with reflections on the importance of living out kingdom values in anticipation of Christ's return.

1 John 1:4 · 1 John 1:8 · 1 John 1:9-10

Final Review 1 John Chapter 3 working copy after response by Rick

A working draft of a commentary or study guide focusing on 1 John 3:1-24, specifically addressing the themes of Christ-like love, divine identity, and eschatology. The text provides an exegetical analysis of verses 1-6, discussing the command to 'see' (idete) God's love, the implications of being 'children of God' (tekna theou), and the concept of prevenient grace. It explores the tension between 'already' and 'not yet' eschatology regarding the future appearance of Christ and the transformation of the believer. The document also touches upon the necessity of demonstrating love through actions and truth (v. 18) and the assurance found in being known by God.

1 John 1:7 · 1 John 1:10 · 1 John 2:2

Form of 10-5 2 for RS on 2Corinthians

A theological reflection and sermon outline regarding the themes of 2 Corinthians. The author discusses Paul's use of Old Testament scripture to shape his theology, specifically focusing on the concept of 'God in Christ' and the transformative power of the Spirit. The document outlines the first two points of a proposed ten-part sermon series: first, proclaiming the pre-eminiment of Christ in Christian faith and Christology; and second, proclaiming the life, death, and resurrection of Jesus as central to life in God. The text includes references to contemporary hermeneutics and various theological scholars.

2 Corinthians 1:1 · 2 Corinthians 3:7-18 · 2 Corinthians 4:4-6

Hermeneutics for Walter Risto

A scholarly discussion of Pauline hermeneutics, specifically focusing on the Apostle Paul's use of the Septuagint (LXX) in 2 Corinthians. The text examines how Paul's 'biblical spirituality' was shaped by the Law, Prophets, and Wisdom literature, including specific allusions to the Psalms (notably the Hallel Psalms), Isaiah, Jeremiah, and Ezekiel. The author explores Paul's method of scriptural exegesis as a 'dynamic hermeneutic of the Spirit' that interprets the fulfillment of the old covenant through the person and work of Christ. The document also references E. Earle Ellis's concept of 'grammatical-historical plus' exegesis and includes a bibliography of works by scholars such as Young, Ford, Hays, and Eugene Peterson.

2 Corinthians 2:2 · 2 Corinthians 3:6 · 2 Corinthians 3:7-18

Introduction 2 Peter

An introductory commentary on the Second Epistle of Peter, addressing its reception, authorship, and theological themes. The text discusses the historical neglect of the book due to its argumentative tone and the widespread scholarly debate regarding its authenticity. It outlines various arguments against Petrine authorship—including stylistic differences, Hellenistic language, and the delay of the Parousia—while providing rebuttals for several of these objections. The document concludes by exploring the epistle's central theme: the inextricable link between correct doctrine and holy living, specifically how true saving knowledge of Christ motivates virtuous behavior.

2 Peter 1:1 · 2 Peter 1:16-18 · 2 Peter 2:1-2

Introduction to Corinthians

This document appears to be a draft or instructional outline for a scholarly introduction to the Second Epistle to the Corinthians. The text begins with a narrative introduction characterizing the letter as a deeply personal and authentic piece of Pauline correspondence, citing C. S. Lewis, Hanson, and Matera. It discusses the theological significance of Paul's defense of his apostolic ministry and the relationship between the gospel message and the nature of his ministry. The document includes a section on the destination of the letter, specifically describing the geography, economic importance, and history of the city of Corinth. The latter portion of the document serves as a structural template or syllabus, outlining required sections for a complete introduction, including 'Literary Features,' 'Theological themes' (with a note on Wesleyan theological concerns), 'Hermeneutical Issues,' and a 'Bibliography.'

2 Corinthians 1:1-11 · 2 Corinthians 5:19 · 2 Corinthians 6:11-7:16

NTS TOWER 2 Corinthians 6-7

Draft notes and reflections for a potential theological essay regarding the 'holiness tradition' in 2 Corinthians 6:4–7:16. The document contains excerpts from a commentary 'from the text' section, including an analysis of the 'sandwich character' of the passage (interspersing appeals for fellowship with an exhortation to holy living). The author outlines themes of separation from unbelief, the church as the temple of God, and the dual nature of holiness as both a decisive 'crisis' and a 'patient laborious' process. The text also includes preliminary research questions, references to scholars such as William Barclay and James Denney, and notes on future work related to global conference papers.

2 Corinthians 6:4-7:16 · 2 Corinthians 6:11-13 · 2 Corinthians 6:14-7:1

Peter From the Text Final Revision 10-5-09

A theological commentary and analysis of 2 Peter 1:1-11, focusing on the themes of equality among believers, the divinity of Christ, and the integration of cognitive and emotive faith. The author examines the concept of participating in the divine nature (1:4) not as Greek philosophical essence, but as a gift of Christ that enables godliness. The text further explores the balance between God's initiative in salvation and the believer's responsibility to grow in virtue and knowledge (epignōsis and gnōsis) to ensure effectiveness and security in the faith.

2 Peter 1:1-2 · 2 Peter 1:3-11 · 2 Peter 3:15

Spirituality and the Son of Man

A response by Stephen S. Carver (dated June 9, 2005) addressing critiques of his book, *The UnGospel*. Carver argues that the loss of traditional Christology does not necessitate the loss of spirituality. He discusses the distinctions between general and special revelation, noting the tensions and historical developments within biblical texts. Carver contends that spirituality and a sense of accountability to God can exist apart from later Christological formulations, such as the Trinity, by focusing on the human experience as a 'son of man' in relation to the Creator.

T Burning Heart Outline

An outline for a devotional presentation titled 'The Burning Heart: The Devotional Experience,' prepared by Frank G. Carver on January 8, 2000. The document explores the nature of the 'burning heart' as a remembering and renewing experience, centered on the biblical narrative of the road to Emmaus. Carver outlines methods for cultivating this experience through the study of Scripture (utilizing various translations), the reading of spiritual classics (including works by Augustine, Thomas à Kempis, Brother Lawrence, and others), and the practice of spiritual disciplines. The outline includes a detailed 'Rule of Devotion' structured in three movements: moving from the world to the Word through solitude and surrender; moving from the mind to the heart through meditation and contemplation; and moving from the inward to the outward journey through intercession and praise. The text cites various theologians and spiritual writers, including Henri Nouwen, Thomas Keating, and Thomas Merton.

Luke 24:26 · Proverbs 4:23 · Luke 11:13

Corinthians 6-7--revisioning holiness

A draft of a commentary or sermon manuscript regarding 2 Corinthians 6:14–7:1, titled "We have this ministry" and "perfecting holiness." The document includes a cover note to "Bill" explaining color-coded revisions (blue, black, and red text) and mentions the text was previously used for a Sunday School lesson. The content features an anecdotal introduction about identity and recognition, followed by an exegetical discussion of Paul's exhortation to holiness, the separation from unbelief, and the church as the temple of God. The author explores the theological significance of holiness as the foundation for mutual openness and trust within the congregation. The text also contains references to Wesleyan Holiness heritage, a comparison to Mark 10:46-52, and a note regarding a missing diagram.

2 Corinthians 6:4-7:16 · 2 Corinthians 6:11-13 · 2 Corinthians 6:14-7:1

John Wesley and Dark Faith

An academic paper exploring the relationship between John Wesley's spiritual experience and the concept of 'dark faith' as defined by the Spanish mystic John of the Cross. The author compares Wesley's use of light and darkness metaphors—which Wesley typically applied to sin and ignorance—with the apophatic tradition of the mystics. The text examines Wesley's complex relationship with mysticism, noting his aversion to 'bad' mystics who bypass the means of grace, while acknowledging his deep engagement with 'practical mystics' such as Madame Guyon and Brother Lawrence. The author suggests that while Wesley avoided the terminology of the 'dark night of the soul,' his personal experiences shared similarities with the contemplative traditions of John of the Cross.

1 John 1:5-7 · Ephesians 5:8