Sermon
A transcript of John Wesley's Sermon 138, 'On Grieving The Holy Spirit,' originally written in 1733. This version is an abridged and revised edition of the 1872 Thomas Jackson edition, edited by George Lyons with minor corrections by Ryan Danker for the Wesley Center for Applied Theology at Northwest Nazarene University. The sermon provides an exegetical commentary on Ephesians 4:30, exploring the nature of God's 'grief' as a disposition of His will arising from love and abhorrence of sin. Wesley outlines how sins offend the Holy Spirit through His immediate presence in the believer, as acts of contempt toward divine love, and as a failure to achieve the sanctification intended by the Spirit's work.
Ephesians 4:30 · 1 Corinthians 6:19 · 2 Corinthians 1:22
Lecture
A lecture transcript or personal reflection exploring the principles of a Wesleyan approach to biblical interpretation. The author addresses the challenges of interpreting Scripture within a postmodern culture that rejects the objectivity of knowledge, and contrasts the Wesleyan tradition with the Calvinistic influences found in much evangelical media. The document outlines three foundational principles for a Wesleyan hermenseutic: that the Scriptures are 'Incarnational' (requiring historical and literary study), 'Christological' (centered on the witness to Jesus Christ), and 'God-breathed' (functioning through the Holy Spirit). The author identifies as both a convinced evangelical and a critical scholar. The text also includes reflections on John Wesley's approach to Scripture, specifically referencing his 'Preface to Sermons,' and includes various biblical citations (Psalms, Luke, 2 Timothy, 2 Peter, Galatians) used to support the nature and function of the Word.
Psalm 119:9, 11, 105 · Luke 24:32 · 2 Timothy 2:8-9
Bible Study
A theological reflection on the Wesleyan concept of being 'filled with the Holy Spirit.' The document traces the biblical development of the Spirit, from the 'ruach' in Genesis to the Pentecost event in Acts. It explores a twofold meaning of the Spirit's fullness: first, as the fulfillment of prophetic promise marking the birth of the Church; and second, as a necessity for the daily renewal of disciples facing challenges. The text incorporates quotations from John Wesley regarding the Spirit as the fountain of holiness and the life of God in the soul, and concludes with a focus on the transformative power of the Spirit as described in the Pauline epistles.
Genesis 1:2 · Psalm 51:11 · Luke 11:13
Lecture
A research paper or lecture by Andrey Khobnya, South-Russia District Educational Coordinator and Pastor of the Light of Hope Church of the Nazarene, examining the theological and pedagogical principles within Proverbs 1–9. The author challenges the scholarly perception of ancient Israelite education as merely harsh or corporal, proposing instead that the text demonstrates more nuanced educational methods and theological assumptions. The document specifically explores the use of 'address' as a method of instruction, where personified wisdom appeals to learners in public spaces, and outlines the structural and didactic features of the first nine chapters of Proverbs.
Proverbs 1:7 · Proverbs 1:20-33 · Proverbs 8:1-11
Academic Paper
A seminar paper, originally delivered as President of the Wesleyan Theological Society in April 1987 and subsequently published in the Wesleyan Theological Journal, exploring the hermeneutical challenges of preaching the Wesleyan message of holiness. Carver discusses his personal transition from a Methodist/Holiness background to academic New Testament studies, expressing concern over 'holiness hermeneutics' that may manipulate biblical texts. He proposes a foundational presupposition that 'holiness' can be understood as 'integrity,' arguing that biblical holiness involves both a relation of exclusive allegiance to God and a response in life to His revealed moral character. The text also touches upon the necessity of biblical primacy in Wesleyan identity and begins to address the use of the language of the holy in the Old and New Testaments.
Galatians 2:20 · 1 John
Lecture
A lecture transcript or course chapter discussing contemporary Christology. The text emphasizes a 'dialogical' approach to theology, arguing that Christology should not be a purely theoretical academic exercise but a response to the 'present Christ' within the context of worship and confession. The author references Dietrich Bonhoeffer's focus on the 'Who?' question and uses Charles Wesley's hymns to illustrate the link between dogmatics and doxology. The document provides a summary of previous studies, tracing the development from the 'historical Jesus' research (the first and second quests) to the 'third quest,' specifically noting N.T. Wright's work on Jesus within the context of Israel's story and the historical credibility of the resurrection.
Matthew 4:4 · Matthew 28:20 · Galatians 1:4
Sermon
A sermon or lecture transcript exploring the development of Christological thought from the patristic period through the Reformation and into the modern era. The author argues that the apostolic Gospel serves as the foundational hermeneutic for all subsequent theological contextualization, including the Trinitarian Creeds and the Chalcedonian Definition. The text examines the shift in Western theology toward an individualistic and anthropocentric focus under the influence of Augustine, contrasting it with the more Christocentric approach of the Eastern Church. The document further discusses the Reformation's recovery of the 'euangelion' and traces the development of Kenoticism, specifically addressing debates regarding the sinlessness of Christ's human nature and the implications of the 'fallen humanity' concept in the Scottish Calvinist tradition.
Romans 1:1-3
Lecture
Lecture notes focusing on the Chalcedonian definition of Christ, specifically the doctrine of the Hypostatic Union. The author argues against the common misinterpretation of the doctrine as a mere 'two natures' theory, asserting instead that it is the union of two natures in one Person (hypostasis). The text explores the logic of the 'One-in-two' structure, referencing the Philippians 2:6-11 hymn (Carmen Christi) to illustrate a movement from God's descent to humanity to the exaltation of the human representative. The lecture also addresses the distinction between 'high' and 'low' Christology, the concept of paradox in Christology, and includes devotional hymns centered on the person of Jesus Christ.
Philippians 2:6-11
Lecture
A lecture transcript discussing the placement of Wesleyan theology within the broader context of the 'Great Church.' The author argues against a sectarian 'Wesleyanism' or ideology, asserting instead that the Wesleyan tradition shares the core Trinitarian-Christological convictions of all orthodox Christian traditions. The text outlines the methodology for a three-volume theological work, stating that the project will first establish the central convictions of the Christian faith (Incarnation, Atonement, Creation, and the Trinity) before examining Wesleyan-specific emphases such as justification, sanctification, and redemption. The document also touches upon the historical identity of John and Charles Wesley as members of the Church of England.
Book Chapter
A scholarly commentary on 2 Peter 1:3-21, focusing on the nature of 'true knowledge' in the Christian faith. The document provides a linguistic and exegetical analysis of the Greek text, specifically examining the particle 'hōs' in verse 3 and the implications for paragraph structure. It explores the source of true knowledge as divine power (theia dynamis) for godliness (eusebeia), the virtuous nature of such knowledge, and its foundation in the testimony of eyewitnesses and Scripture. The text includes discussions on the grammatical antecedents of 'his divine power,' the distinction between conversion-based knowledge (epignōsis) and subsequent moral development, and the relationship between biblical truth and personal experience.
2 Peter 1:3-21 · 2 Peter 1:3 · 2 Peter 1:4
Book Chapter
This document contains scholarly commentary and structural analysis regarding 2 Peter 2:1-22, focusing on the emergence and characteristics of false teachers. The text examines the historical occasion of the epistle, noting the threat false teachers posed to the faith of believers. It explores the literary relationship between 2 Peter and Jude, discussing parallels in their descriptions of immoral, greedy, and blasphemous teachers, as well as the scholarly debate regarding literary dependence. The author provides a structural analysis of 2 Peter 1:16–2:3, citing Bauckham's chiastic structure, and compares the false teachers of the second epistle to the false prophets of the Old Testament. Additionally, the text includes a sidebar from Green (1987) discussing the practical application of Peter's warnings to contemporary readers regarding various moral temptations.
2 Peter 2:1-22 · 2 Peter 1:16-2:3 · 2 Peter 2:1
Book Chapter
This document contains a scholarly commentary on 2 Peter 3:1-16, focusing on the transition from the denunciation of false teachers in chapter 2 to the encouragement of believers in chapter 3. The author provides a structural breakdown of the passage into four parts: the prediction of scoffers, the delay of Christ's coming, the certainty of Christ's coming, and concluding exhortations. Specifically, the text examines the first section (3:1-7), discussing the use of the term 'dear friends' (agapētoi), the debate regarding the identity of Peter's 'first letter,' and the two sources of truth presented to the readers: the words of the holy prophets and the apostolic commands. The commentary concludes with a reflection on the importance of pursuing a godly lifestyle to avoid the sin-driven misinterpretation of Scripture.
2 Peter 3:1-16 · 2 Peter 3:1-7 · 2 Peter 3:1-2
Lecture
A lecture transcript discussing the historical context of Second Temple Judaism as a prerequisite for understanding the historical-critical study of Jesus of Nazareth. The text defines Second Temple Judaism by its period (c. 520/515 BC to AD 70), its formative influences (Ezra and Nehemiah), and its key features, including the continuity of the priesthood and festivals alongside the emergence of the synagogue and new feasts like Purim and Hanukkah. The document addresses the impact of Hellenistic culture, the Maccabean revolt, and the development of the Hebrew Scriptures canon. It also references scholarly shifts in understanding the period, specifically citing the work of Martin Hengel regarding Hellenism and E.P. Sanders regarding the rejection of the 'legalistic' view of Judaism.
Torah · Former Prophets · Latter Prophets
Book Chapter
A draft commentary on 1 John 1:1-10, organized into sections titled 'Behind the Text' and 'In the Text.' The author examines the linguistic features of the prologue, specifically the use of first-person plural Greek verbs and pronouns to suggest a 'Johannine circle' or school of disciples. The text discusses scholarly debates regarding the authorship of the Johannine corpus (John the Apostle, John the Elder, and John the Revelator) and explores the relationship between the prologue of 1 John and the prologue of the Gospel of John. Additionally, the document analyzes the lack of formal Greco-Roman epistolary elements in 1 John, the use of affectionate address, and the theological implications of fellowship and doctrinal integrity.
1 John 1:1-10 · 1 John 1:1-4 · 1 John 1:6
Book Chapter
A draft commentary on 1 John 4:1-21, divided into sections titled 'Behind the Text' and 'In the Text.' The author examines the use of dualistic language (e.g., Spirit of God vs. spirit of the antichrist) in the Johannine epistles, noting connections to the Gospel of John and the shared vocabulary of the Qumran community. The text explores the biblical concept of false prophets, drawing comparisons to Old Testament figures (Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel) and New Testament warnings in the Synoptic Gospels. The commentary further analyzes the Greek imperative to 'test the spirits' (dokimazete), discussing the linguistic nuances of testing and the practical application of Christian love as a means of discerning truth and demonstrating God's presence.
1 John 4:1-21 · 1 John 4:1-6 · 1 John 4:3
Book Chapter 2009
A draft commentary on 1 John 3:1-24, focusing on the themes of Christ-like love, divine identity, and eschatological tension. The author provides an exegetical analysis of specific Greek terms such as 'idete' (see/behold), 'potapēn' (lavish/great), and 'tekna theou' (children of God). The text discusses the concept of prevenient grace, the distinction between 'already' and 'not yet' eschatalogical perspectives in Johannine literature, and the future transformation of the believer to be like Christ. The draft also touches upon the implications of family metaphors in the ancient Near East and the necessity of living holily in preparation for the day Christ appears.
1 John 3:1-24 · 1 John 1:1-4 · 1 John 1:10
Book Chapter
A draft commentary on 1 John 3:1-24, focusing on the themes of Christ-like love, divine identity, and eschatology. The text provides an exegetical analysis of verses 1-6, examining the Greek imperatives 'idete' and 'idou' and the concept of 'prevenient grace' through the lens of God's initiative in loving his children. The author discusses the tension between 'already' and 'not yet' eschatology in Johannine literature, specifically regarding the future appearance of Christ and the believer's transformation. The draft also includes reflections on the believer's confidence in prayer and the pursuit of holiness in preparation for standing before God.
1 John 1:7 · 1 John 2:2 · 1 John 3:1-24
Book Chapter
A draft commentary on 1 John 3, focusing on the themes of Christ-like love, the believer's identity as children of God, and the tension between realized and future eschatology. The text provides an exegetical analysis of verses 1-24, examining Greek terminology such as 'idete' (see/behold), 'potapēn' (lavished/massive), and 'tekna theou' (children of God). The author discusses the implications of divine initiative (prevenient grace) and the ethical obligations of those in God's family, concluding with reflections on the importance of living holily in anticipation of Christ's return.
1 John 3:1-24 · 1 John 1:7 · 1 John 1:10
Devotional
A liturgical program and instructional outline for a Communion service held at SD First Church of the Nazarene on November 2, 2014. The document includes scripture readings from Matthew (26:17-20, 26-28, 30), John (16:13-15), 2 Corinthians (5:17, 19, 21), Hebrews (10:10), and 1 John (1:2, 1:9), as well as a prayer from the Book of Common Prayer (BCP). The text provides specific liturgical instructions for both the 'Both Services' and 'Classic Service' formats, including the distribution of elements, the lifting of the bread and cup, and administrative notes regarding transitions between speakers (Ron Benefiel and Justin) and the collection of the offering.
Matthew 26:17-20, 26-28, 30 · John 16:13-15 · 2 Corinthians 5:17, 19, 21
Academic Paper
A draft of a commentary or sermon manuscript regarding 2 Corinthians 6:14–7:1, titled "We have this ministry" and "perfecting holiness." The document includes a cover note to "Bill" explaining color-coded revisions (blue, black, and red text) and mentions the text was previously used for a Sunday School lesson. The content features an anecdotal introduction about identity and recognition, followed by an exegetical discussion of Paul's exhortation to holiness, the separation from unbelief, and the church as the temple of God. The author explores the theological significance of holiness as the foundation for mutual openness and trust within the congregation. The text also contains references to Wesleyan Holiness heritage, a comparison to Mark 10:46-52, and a note regarding a missing diagram.
2 Corinthians 6:4-7:16 · 2 Corinthians 6:11-13 · 2 Corinthians 6:14-7:1
Bible Study
A lecture or study notes titled "Reconciliation: A New Creation," dated March 25, 2007, focusing on 2 Corinthians 5:16-21. The document outlines Paul's ministry of reconciliation and explores the theological implications of being a "new creation" in Christ. The author provides a detailed commentary on verse 16, discussing the shift from a worldly or "fleshly" (kata sarka) perspective to a spiritual one, specifically addressing how the death and resurrection of Christ transformed Paul's view of others and Christ himself. The text includes references to various Bible translations (NIV, NASB, NRSV) and scholarly works by authors such as Ralph P. Martin and Harris.
2 Corinthians 5:16-21 · 2 Corinthians 4:1 · 2 Corinthians 1:12-7:16
Bible Study
A study guide or lecture outline focused on 2 Corinthians 8:1–9:15, titled 'The Grace of Christian Giving.' The document examines the theological and practical implications of Paul's collection for the Jerusalem saints. It includes a linguistic analysis of Greek terminology used in the passage—such as charis, haplotēs, koinōnia, and diakonia—and compares the vocabulary in 2 Corinthians with 1 Corinthians 16:1-4. The text also provides a commentary outline on the liberality of the Macedonian churches and includes comparative notes on various Bible translations (NASB, NRSV, NIV) regarding specific Greek phrases.
2 Corinthians 8:1-9:15 · 2 Corinthians 8:9 · 1 Corinthians 16:1-4
Bible Study
A lecture or study notes dated July 23, 2006, focusing on an exegesis of 2 Corinthians 3:1–4:6. The document explores the concept of 'ministry' (diakonia), contrasting contemporary usages with biblical definitions. Carver discusses the work of John W. Wright and John N. Collins regarding the semantic shifts of 'ministry' and 'service.' The text provides a structural outline for a commentary on 2 Corinthians, specifically detailing the 'Apostolic Ministry' and the distinction between the ministry of the letter and the ministry of the Spirit. The excerpt includes a detailed examination of the glory of the new covenant versus the old covenant, supported by scriptural citations from 2 Corinthians 3:1–4:6.
2 Corinthians 1:1-11 · 2 Corinthians 1:12—7:16 · 2 Corinthians 2:14-17
Bible Study 2007
A lecture or study guide prepared by Frank G. Carver for a series on 2 Corinthians, specifically focusing on 2 Corinthians 6:1-10. The document examines Paul's description of 'The Life of An Apostle' as a component of his broader defense of his apostolic ministry. Carver explores the motive, message, and manner of Christian life and service, emphasizing that the apostle's manner of life must be consistent with the message of reconciliation. The text includes an exegetical discussion of 2 Corinthians 5:11-15, focusing on the motive of 'fear of the Lord' and being 'compelled by Christ's love,' and references various models of modern ministry in contrast to the Pauline model.
2 Corinthians 1:1-11 · 2 Corinthians 1:12—7:16 · 2 Corinthians 2:14-17
Bible Study
A lecture or presentation transcript dated May 27, 2007, concerning 2 Corinthians 6:11–7:16. The author situates the biblical text within the context of the Day of Pentecost and the Wesleyan Holiness tradition, specifically addressing the relationship between the experience of the Holy Spirit and the doctrine of entire sanctification. The document includes a structural outline of 2 Corinthians, a detailed examination of specific biblical passages (including an appeal for fellowship, an exhortation to holy living, and the arrival of Titus), and references contemporary theological discussions from the 2002 Global Theology Conference in Costa Rica and the 2007 'Conference on Revisioning Holiness' at Northwest Nazarene College.
2 Corinthians 1:1-11 · 2 Corinthians 1:12-2:17 · 2 Corinthians 3:1-6:10
Bible Study
A study of 1 Peter 1:1-2 by Dan Powers, focusing on the Trinitarian foundations of salvation and the identity of the early Christian community. The text examines the roles of the Father's foreknowledge, the Spirit's sanctifying work, and the atoning blood of Jesus Christ. Key themes include the concept of Christians as 'resident aliens' or 'scattered strangers,' the application of Israelite covenant imagery to Gentile believers, and the nature of sanctification (hagiasmos) as both a process and a result of the Holy Spirit's activity. The document also contains editorial notes/correspondence regarding the refinement of theological terminology (e.g., 'historic Christian theology' vs. 'basic') and suggestions regarding eschatological themes.
1 Peter 1:1-2 · Matthew 28:19 · 2 Corinthians 13:14
Bible Study
A study exploring the theme of 'darkness of faith' through the lives of Mother Teresa and Georgia Harkness. The document examines Mother Teresa's spiritual experience of 'interior darkness' and her identification with the Cross, referencing Brian Kolodiejchuk’s biography. It also discusses the transition from a faith of human spiritual victory to a faith dependent on divine grace, as exemplified by Georgia Harkness's experience of the 'dark night.'
Hebrews
Book Chapter
An introductory essay concerning the First Epistle of Peter, discussing the prominence of the apostle Peter in the Gospel tradition and the historical 'neglect' of the Petrine epistles in modern scholarship. The document examines the debate over Petrine authorship, weighing early Patristic evidence (including Irenaeus, Tertullian, and Clement of Alexandria) against five modern scholarly objections: lack of familiarity with Jesus, theological development, Greek style, dependence on Pauline thought, and the post-apostolic time period. The text also touches upon the themes of suffering, communal holiness, and the importance of Christian virtues such as hospitality and humility in the face of societal opposition.
1 Peter · 2 Peter · Mark 3:13-19
Bible Study
An introductory lecture or study guide for a series on the books of Ezra and Nehemiah. The document begins with a reading of Ezra 1:1-11, focusing on the decree of King Cyrus of Persia and the return of the Jewish exiles to Jerusalem. The author provides historical context for the Persian period (550-333 B.C.), discussing the roles of Ezra, a priest and scribe, and Nehemiah, a cupbearer to Artaxerxes I. The text also addresses the historical unity of Ezra and Nehemiah as a single document in Hebrew and Greek manuscripts prior to the Latin Vulgate, and outlines the chronological scope of the books from 538 B.C. to approximately 400 B.C.
Ezra 1:1-11 · Ezra 1:8 · Ezra 2:2
Bible Study
A lecture or study notes focusing on Ezra 1:1-11, examining the theme of divine intervention through the 'stirring' of spirits. The text analyzes the historical and biblical significance of King Cyrus II of Persia, his edict allowing Jewish exiles to return to Jerusalem to rebuild the Temple, and the connection between this event and the prophecies in Isaiah 40-55. The document includes historical details regarding the Persian Empire, Cyrus's lineage, the conquest of Babylon, and the transition of power from Nabonidus to Cyrus.
Ezra 1:1-11 · Ezra 6:3-5 · Isaiah 45:13
Bible Study
A lecture or study notes focusing on Ezra 1:1-11, examining the theme of divine providence through the 'stirring' of spirits. The text analyzes the role of God in prompting both King Cyrus of Persia and the Jewish exiles (heads of families, priests, and Levites) to facilitate the return to Jerusalem and the rebuilding of the Temple. The author connects the historical return from Babylon to a 'second Exodus' and discusses the theological implications of God's involvement in the affairs of nations, contrasting the historical account with contemporary reflections on God's perceived 'hiddenness' in the modern world.
Ezra 1:1-11 · Ezra 1:5 · Isaiah 45:13
Bible Study
A lecture or study notes focusing on Ezra 1:1-11, examining the theme of God 'stirring' the spirits of individuals, such as King Cyrus and the leaders of Judah and Benjamin, to facilitate the return of the Jewish exiles. The text draws parallels between the biblical exile and modern refugee crises, referencing 2005 statistics. It incorporates theological reflections on the 'Second Exodus' motif and utilizes Walter Brueggemann's analysis of the relationship between the metaphors of exile and homecoming in the book of Isaiah (specifically Isaiah 40-55).
Ezra 1:1-11 · Isaiah 45:13 · Jeremiah 25:8-11
Bible Study
A study notes/lecture transcript titled "He Leadeth Me--How" (5) focusing on Ezra 2:59-63. The author discusses the difficulty of verifying genealogical records for returnees from Babylon and the subsequent exclusion of certain individuals from the priesthood due to lack of proof of descent. The text explores the use of the Urim and Thummim as instruments of divine discernment and revelation used by the high priest to determine cultic purity, referencing Exodus 28:30 and 1 Samuel 14:41-42. The document also touches upon themes of divine guidance, the distinction between authentic leadership and superstition, and includes scholarly references to Williamson regarding the timing of the use of Urim and Thummim.
Ezra 1:1 · Ezra 1:5 · Ezra 2:1-70
Bible Study
A lecture or study guide titled 'A Holy People I,' focusing on the books of Ezra and Nehemiah (specifically Ezra 3:1—7:10). The document explores the theme of holiness within the restored community of Israel, examining Ezra's role as a scribe skilled in the law of Moses and his mission to establish a holy people. The text traces the historical context from the decree of Cyrus to the arrival of Ezra under King Artaxerxes, discussing the rebuilding of the altar and temple foundation, the opposition from Samaritans and local inhabitants, and the theological tension between 'law and gospel.' It includes references to the 'vertical' God-ward dimension of worship and mentions scholarly themes regarding the definition of law and the role of the Church.
Ezra 3:1 · Ezra 7:1-10 · Ezra 7:6
Book Chapter
This document contains a draft introduction to a commentary on the Second Epistle of Peter. The text provides an overview of the book's reception, noting its historical neglect due to its argumentative tone and concerns regarding its authenticity. A significant portion of the document is dedicated to the debate over Petrine authorship, presenting a structured list of arguments against the traditional view (such as stylistic differences from 1 Peter, Hellenistic language, and the delay of the Parousia) alongside corresponding counterarguments (such as the potential use of an amanuensis or the existence of early first-century concerns regarding Christ's return). The document concludes with editorial notes and queries regarding bibliography, word choice, and the author's theological stance on pseudepigraphy.
2 Peter 1:1 · 2 Peter 1:16-18 · 2 Peter 3:15-16
Book Chapter
An introductory essay regarding the First Epistle of Peter, discussing the prominence of the Apostle Peter in the New Testament and the historical 'neglect' of his epistles in scholarship. The document examines the debate over Petrine authorship, presenting historical evidence for authenticity (citing Irenaeus, Tertullian, and Clement of Alexandria) alongside five modern scholarly objections, including arguments regarding theological development, Greek style, and Pauline dependence. The author provides rebuttals to these objections, specifically addressing the claim of a lack of familiarity with Jesus. The text also touches upon the themes of suffering, pastoral care, and communal holiness within the early church.
Mark 3:13-19 · Matt 10:1-4 · Luke 6:12-16
Book Chapter
An essay exploring the theological themes of 2 Corinthians, focusing on Paul's Christology, hermeneutics, and the role of the Holy Spirit. The author examines Paul's use of Old Testament scripture to interpret the work of Christ, the concept of 'freedom' in the Spirit, and the transformative power of the Word within the church community. The document also outlines the first two points of a proposed ten-part sermon series on the epistle: proclaiming the pre-eminence of Christ and centering Christian life on the life, death, and resurrection of Jesus.
2 Corinthians 1:1 · 2 Corinthians 3:7-18 · 2 Corinthians 4:4-6
Book Chapter
A draft or review document concerning a commentary on 1 John 4:1-21, titled 'Testing the Spirits and Trusting God’s Love.' The text provides a theological and historical analysis of the passage, focusing on the use of dualistic language (e.g., Spirit of God vs. spirit of the antichrist) and its connections to the Gospel of John and the Qumran community. It examines the rhetorical use of 'false prophets' and 'antichrist' in the context of Old Testament prophetic traditions and the Synoptic Gospels. Additionally, the document explores the linguistic nuances of the Greek imperative to 'test' (dokimazete) the spirits and discusses the practical application of Christian love as a verification of faith.
1 John 4:1-21 · 1 John 4:1-6 · 1 John 2:16-23
Book Chapter
A working draft of a commentary or study guide focusing on 1 John 4:1-21, titled 'Testing the Spirits and Trusting God’s Love.' The document provides a 'Behind the Text' analysis of the dualistic language used in 1 John (e.g., Spirit of God vs. spirit of the antichrist), comparing Johannine imagery to the Dead Sea Scrolls at Qumran and referencing Old Testament prophets (Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel) and the Synoptic Gospels regarding false prophets. The 'In the Text' section examines the exhortation to 'test the spirits' (dokimazete), discussing the Greek linguistic nuances and the necessity of discerning genuine from false teachers. The text concludes with reflections on the practical application of love within the Christian community.
1 John 4:1-21 · 1 John 4:1-6 · 1 John 4:17
Book Chapter
A scholarly commentary and review of 1 John 1:1-10, focusing on the prologue and its relationship to the Gospel of John. The document examines the linguistic features of the text, specifically the use of first-person plural pronouns to suggest a 'Johannine circle' or school of disciples. It discusses various scholarly theories regarding the authorship of the Johannine corpus (John the Apostle, John the Elder, and John the Revelator) and analyzes the lack of formal Greco-Roman epistolary elements in 1 John despite its personal, affectionate tone. The text also explores the theological implications of the term 'the beginning' (archēs) and the themes of fellowship and theological integrity.
1 John 1:1-10 · 1 John 1:1-4 · 1 John 1:6
Book Chapter
A scholarly commentary and review of the prologue of 1 John (1:1-10). The document analyzes the linguistic features of the text, specifically the use of first-person plural Greek verbs and pronouns to establish the author's connection to a community of faith. It examines the relationship between 1 John and the Gospel of John, discussing themes of light, life, and the 'beginning' (archēs). The text explores the sensory language of the prologue (hearing, seeing, and touching) and the theological implications of the Greek perfect and aorist tenses. Additionally, the document addresses the debate regarding apostolic authorship and concludes with a reflection on the concept of 'catholic spirit' in relation to theological disagreement, referencing John Wesley.
1 John 1:1-10 · John 1:1-18 · John 1:14
Book Chapter
A draft commentary or review of the prologue of 1 John (1:1-10), focusing on the linguistic and theological implications of the text. The document analyzes the use of first-person plural Greek verbs and pronouns to establish the author's position within a Johannine 'school' or community. It examines the relationship between the prologue of 1 John and the Gospel of John, specifically regarding the concepts of 'the beginning' (archēs) and the 'word' (logos). The text further explores the significance of verb tenses (perfect vs. aorist) in describing the sensory experience of the gospel, as well as the implications of the text for Christian fellowship and doctrinal integrity.
1 John 1:1-10 · 1 John 1:1-4 · 1 John 2:1
Book Chapter
A working draft of a commentary or study guide focusing on the prologue of 1 John (1:1-10). The text provides a linguistic and theological analysis of the section, examining the use of first-person plural Greek verbs and pronouns to establish the author's connection to a community of faith. It discusses the relationship between 1 John and the Gospel of John, specifically regarding shared vocabulary such as 'beginning,' 'word,' and 'light.' The document explores scholarly interpretations of the term 'beginning' (archēs), the significance of the Greek perfect and aorist tenses in describing the sensory experience of Christ, and the implications of the author's use of the collective 'we' versus the singular 'I.' The text concludes with a reflection on Christian fellowship and theological steadfastness, referencing John Wesley's sermon 'Catholic Spirit.'
1 John 1:1-10 · John 1:1-18 · John 1:14
Book Chapter
A detailed exegetical commentary and review of 1 John 2:1-29, focusing on the section 'Jesus Our Defender (2:1-6)'. The document analyzes Greek terminology, including 'teknia mou' (my dear children) and 'paraklēton' (advocate/counselor), to explore themes of pastoral concern, the distinction between habitual sin and occasional lapses, and the role of Jesus as the defender of the believer. The text also discusses the linguistic shift from 'we' to 'I' in the epistle and concludes with reflections on the importance of living out kingdom values in anticipation of Christ's return.
1 John 1:4 · 1 John 1:8 · 1 John 1:9-10
Book Chapter
A working draft of a commentary or study guide focusing on 1 John 3:1-24, specifically addressing the themes of Christ-like love, divine identity, and eschatology. The text provides an exegetical analysis of verses 1-6, discussing the command to 'see' (idete) God's love, the implications of being 'children of God' (tekna theou), and the concept of prevenient grace. It explores the tension between 'already' and 'not yet' eschatology regarding the future appearance of Christ and the transformation of the believer. The document also touches upon the necessity of demonstrating love through actions and truth (v. 18) and the assurance found in being known by God.
1 John 1:7 · 1 John 1:10 · 1 John 2:2
Book Chapter
A draft commentary or study guide focusing on the greeting and opening of 1 Peter (1:1-2). The document provides a 'Behind the Text' analysis of the names associated with the apostle Peter (Simon, Peter, and Cephas), discussing their linguistic origins in Aramaic and Greek and their usage in the New Testament. The 'In the Text' section examines Peter's self-identification as 'an apostle of Jesus Christ,' analyzing the meaning of 'apostle' as a commissioned messenger and comparing Peter's lack of defensive self-justification to the style used in the Pauline epistles. The text also touches upon the nature of authority derived from Christ and concludes with a brief discussion on the role of the Holy Spirit in sanctification and the believer's obedience.
1 Peter 1:1-2 · Matthew 16:13-16 · Mark 8:27-30
Book Chapter
A theological reflection and sermon outline regarding the themes of 2 Corinthians. The author discusses Paul's use of Old Testament scripture to shape his theology, specifically focusing on the concept of 'God in Christ' and the transformative power of the Spirit. The document outlines the first two points of a proposed ten-part sermon series: first, proclaiming the pre-eminiment of Christ in Christian faith and Christology; and second, proclaiming the life, death, and resurrection of Jesus as central to life in God. The text includes references to contemporary hermeneutics and various theological scholars.
2 Corinthians 1:1 · 2 Corinthians 3:7-18 · 2 Corinthians 4:4-6
Bible Study 2008
A brief reflection by Richard John Neuhaus, originally published in First Things (#188, December 2008), discussing the distinction between doubt as a withholding of consent and the 'dark night of the soul.' The text references Cardinal Newman and Paul Murray's 'I Loved Jesus in the Night' to argue that Mother Teresa's spiritual anguish was characterized not by a crisis of faith or doubt, but by a 'torturing longing for God' and the pain of divine absence.
Lecture
Lecture handouts from a session on Greek Exegesis taught by Tom Phillips on November 23, 2009. The document provides a content and functional outline of 2 Corinthians, focusing on apostolic ministry, suffering, and reconciliation. It includes a detailed grammatical and syntactical analysis of 2 Corinthians 5:16–21, posing specific exegetical questions regarding Greek particles (e.g., hōste, oun), lexical choices (e.g., kainē ktisis, katallagēte), and theological implications for the doctrine of atonement and the 'new creation.' The document concludes with the full text of 2 Corinthians 5:16–21 and a reference to 2 Corinthians 5:14–15.
2 Corinthians 1:1-11 · 2 Corinthians 1:12-7:16 · 2 Corinthians 1:12-2:13
Devotional
A collection of excerpts from H. L. Sidney Lear's presentation of the writings of Jean Nicolas Grou (1731-1803) regarding the interior life. The text includes a biographical preface of Père Grou, detailing his Jesuit education, his exile in England during the French Revolution, and his approach to spiritual writing. The document outlines theological principles for spiritual growth, specifically addressing the importance of a 'childlike spirit,' the dangers of refined self-love, and the definition of true devotion as a fixed habit of mind rather than passing emotion. It further provides practical methods for attaining holiness, including the use of a daily rule, the recollection of God's presence, and the practice of mental prayer.
Romans 11:35 · Romans 11:29
Article
Lecture handouts or study notes prepared by Frank G. Carver regarding the interpretation of 2 Corinthians. The document provides a structural and exegetical analysis of 2 Corinthians 1:1-2 and 4:7–5:10. The first section examines Paul's salutation, discussing its roots in Near Eastern epistolary traditions and its adaptation into a 'Christianized' form. The second section focuses on Paul's characterization of ministry as a 'ministry of suffering,' analyzing the tension between physical frailty and spiritual renewal, and comparing Paul's catalogs of affliction to the rhetorical traditions of Stoic and Cynic sages. The document includes scriptural citations, scholarly references (including Doty, Murphy-O'Connor, and Thielicke), and concludes with a reflection on the power of the Resurrection.
2 Corinthians 1:1-2 · 2 Corinthians 2:14-6:10 · 2 Corinthians 4:7-15
Bible Study
A sermon transcript or study notes prepared for January 19, 2014, focusing on Hebrews 3:1-6. The text explores the themes of Jesus as the 'apostle and high priest' and the comparison between Jesus and Moses. Carver discusses the identity of believers as 'holy partners' and 'family' of God, emphasizing the imperative to 'consider Jesus.' The document includes exegetical commentary on the Greek word order in Hebrews 3:1, the significance of Jesus' titles, and personal reflections on the nature of preaching.
Hebrews 1:1-4 · Hebrews 1:4-14 · Hebrews 2:1-4
Bible Study
A teaching outline and lecture notes for a study on Hebrews 5:11–6:20, titled 'Priming the Pump!'. The document discusses the transition from the identity of Jesus as the Son of God to his work as High Priest. It includes a structured breakdown of the passage into themes: reproof concerning arrested spiritual development, the exhortation to maturity, a warning regarding irreversible apostasy, words of reassurance, and encouragement based on God's trustworthiness. The author seeks input on potential titles for the lesson, such as 'The Education of the Christian' or 'Christian Perfection,' and utilizes an outline provided by Kevin Anderson.
Hebrews 5:11-6:20 · Hebrews 1:1-4:16 · Hebrews 5:1-10
Bible Study
This document appears to be a lecture transcript or study guide, dated March 9, 2014, focusing on a theological examination of Hebrews 2:10-18. The author explores the concept of the 'atoning sacrifice' and the necessity of Christ becoming human to act as a merciful high priest. The text contrasts two visions of Christianity: one centered on the 'religion of Jesus' (life-imitation) and another centered on the 'gospel of Christ' (faith-participation). To frame this debate, the author utilizes the work of British theologian P. T. Forsyth, specifically discussing Forsyth's defense of the Apostolic Gospel and his theological transition from liberal theology. The document also incorporates reflections from Albert Schweitzer, the Apostle Paul, and the Apostle John, and includes scholarly citations regarding Forsyth's Christology and its relationship to the Chalcedonian formula.
Hebrews 2:10-18 · Hebrews 2:17 · 2 Corinthians
Bible Study
A sermon or Bible study transcript titled "GOD HAS SPOKEN: ‘mercy and . . .grace to help’" focusing on Hebrews 4:14-16. The author explores the theological significance of Jesus as the great high priest who has passed through the heavens, examining the text's function as both exposition and exhortation. The document discusses scholarly perspectives on the placement of these verses within the book of Hebrews, specifically referencing the views of Howard T. Kuist and Anderson regarding whether the passage serves as a conclusion to an earlier section or an introduction to a new one. The author emphasizes the 'because... therefore' nature of the Christian life based on the availability of Christ's high priesthood and touches upon the parallels between the text and the Lord's Prayer.
Hebrews 4:14-16 · Hebrews 1:3 · Hebrews 2:9
Bible Study
A sermon or Bible study transcript focused on Hebrews 2:1-4, exploring the relationship between theological revelation and hortatory exhortation. The author discusses the necessity of paying attention to the Gospel to avoid 'drifting away' and examines the author of Hebrews' designation of the epistle as a 'word of exhortation' (Hebrews 13:22). The text incorporates scholarly references to T. W. Manson on Johannine theology, W. E. Sangster on the importance of doctrinal preaching, and Alexander B. Bruce on the interweaving of theology and counsel in Hebrews. The document also includes exegetical notes on the warning passages in Hebrews and the significance of the 'therefore' in Hebrews 2:1.
Hebrews 2:1-4 · Hebrews 2:1 · Hebrews 2:3a
Bible Study
A sermon or Bible study transcript dated September 22, 2013, focusing on the theme of angels and 'ministering spirits' as described in Hebrews 1:14 and Hebrews 4. The document includes scriptural comparisons between the NRSV and NASB translations, a reflection by Thomas Merton regarding an angelic intervention during a woodcutting accident, and two anecdotal accounts of providential encounters: one by Keith Pagan involving a mysterious 'Man in the Gray Suit' who facilitated a bus repair, and a partial account by Ron Benefiel regarding a medical emergency. The text also contains scholarly citations and references to the Epistle to the Hebrews, including works by Anderson and F. F. Bruce.
Hebrews 1:5-14 · Hebrews 1:14 · Psalm 110:1
Bible Study 2014
Lecture notes and research fragments for a course on the Epistle to the Hebrews. The document contains various pedagogical elements, including theological reflections on the sacrificial death of Jesus, references to contemporary Jerusalem, and a collection of quotations from diverse sources such as Dietrich Bonhoeffer, Paul S. Minear, P. T. Forsyth, and A. B. Bruce. The notes include liturgical or devotional elements (hymns and prayers), references to biblical passages (Luke 24:45, John 14:7), and bibliographic citations intended for use in preaching or teaching regarding the nature of the New Testament and the role of the Bible in spiritual life.
Luke 24:45 · John 14:7 · John 14:9
Book Chapter
A discussion of the four primary interpretive perspectives of the Book of Revelation: preterist, historicist, futurist, and idealist. The author critiques each method, noting limitations such as temporal confinement in the preterist view, arbitrary symbolism in the historicist view, lack of historical connection in the futurist view, and the absence of historical consummation in the extreme idealist view. The text proposes a balanced approach that integrates the pastoral, prophetic, and apocalyptic elements of the narrative, considering the historical context of the first-century audience while maintaining the book's universal application to the Church throughout history.
Revelation 1:19 · Revelation 4:1 · Revelation 4-22:5
Academic Paper
A lecture or presentation titled 'Hermeneutics in Every Day Life' by Joost Holleman, delivered in Leiden on November 19, 1996. The text uses the metaphorical 'exegesis' of a stop sign to satirically illustrate various interpretive approaches to a text, including postmodern deconstruction, Marxist class conflict, Catholic tradition, fundamentalist literalism, homiletic word studies, Jewish Talmudic commentary, Pharisaic legalism, Jesuit historical criticism, and New Testament/Old Testament scholarly theories regarding source criticism (Q), redaction, and textual emendation.
Book Chapter
A scholarly discussion of Pauline hermeneutics, specifically focusing on the Apostle Paul's use of the Septuagint (LXX) in 2 Corinthians. The text examines how Paul's 'biblical spirituality' was shaped by the Law, Prophets, and Wisdom literature, including specific allusions to the Psalms (notably the Hallel Psalms), Isaiah, Jeremiah, and Ezekiel. The author explores Paul's method of scriptural exegesis as a 'dynamic hermeneutic of the Spirit' that interprets the fulfillment of the old covenant through the person and work of Christ. The document also references E. Earle Ellis's concept of 'grammatical-historical plus' exegesis and includes a bibliography of works by scholars such as Young, Ford, Hays, and Eugene Peterson.
2 Corinthians 2:2 · 2 Corinthians 3:6 · 2 Corinthians 3:7-18
Lecture
Lecture notes outlining a survey of Old Testament interpretation throughout history. The document covers the concept of the Old Testament interpreting itself through canonical hermeneutics and inner biblical exegesis. It traces interpretive methods from early Jewish exegesis (including Hillel, Yohannan b. Zikkai, and Philo of Alexandria) and the use of the Old Testament by Jesus, through the early New Testament church (notably Paul) and the early second-century church (Clement, Ignatius, Barnabas, and Justin). The notes further detail the development of allegorical methods in the Alexandrian school (Clement and Origen) in response to Gnostic dualism, the natural/genre-based approach of the Antiochene school (Theodore of Mopsuetia), and concludes with a discussion of post-critical exegesis, referencing Brevard Childs, von Rad, and Bultmann.
Isaiah 40 · Amos 3 · Daniel 9
Bible Study
A teaching outline and study guide focused on Romans 6:1-10, titled 'PAUL: “GOD FORBID”'. The document examines the transition from the theological foundations of Romans 5 (the comparison of Adam and Christ) to the practical implications of sanctification in Romans 6. It explores the concept of being 'dead to sin and alive to God in Christ Jesus,' utilizing the Greek conjunction 'oun' (therefore) to trace the logical progression of Paul's argument regarding baptism, death to the old self, and new life in Christ. The text includes scripture quotations from the NRSV and NASB, references to scholars such as Greathouse, Lyons, and Robert Jewett, and outlines structural components of the Epistle to the Romans.
Romans 1:1-15 · Romans 1:16-17 · Romans 1:18-3:20
Book Chapter
An introductory commentary on the Second Epistle of Peter, addressing its reception, authorship, and theological themes. The text discusses the historical neglect of the book due to its argumentative tone and the widespread scholarly debate regarding its authenticity. It outlines various arguments against Petrine authorship—including stylistic differences, Hellenistic language, and the delay of the Parousia—while providing rebuttals for several of these objections. The document concludes by exploring the epistle's central theme: the inextricable link between correct doctrine and holy living, specifically how true saving knowledge of Christ motivates virtuous behavior.
2 Peter 1:1 · 2 Peter 1:16-18 · 2 Peter 2:1-2
Book Chapter
This document appears to be a draft or instructional outline for a scholarly introduction to the Second Epistle to the Corinthians. The text begins with a narrative introduction characterizing the letter as a deeply personal and authentic piece of Pauline correspondence, citing C. S. Lewis, Hanson, and Matera. It discusses the theological significance of Paul's defense of his apostolic ministry and the relationship between the gospel message and the nature of his ministry. The document includes a section on the destination of the letter, specifically describing the geography, economic importance, and history of the city of Corinth. The latter portion of the document serves as a structural template or syllabus, outlining required sections for a complete introduction, including 'Literary Features,' 'Theological themes' (with a note on Wesleyan theological concerns), 'Hermeneutical Issues,' and a 'Bibliography.'
2 Corinthians 1:1-11 · 2 Corinthians 5:19 · 2 Corinthians 6:11-7:16
Bible Study
A lecture or study notes focusing on Isaiah 14:12-21, specifically examining the translation and theological implications of the term 'Lucifer' (or 'Day Star' in the NRSV). The author compares the New King James Version and the New Revised Standard Version, tracing the etymology of 'Lucifer' from the Latin Vulgate. The text explores the use of metaphor and myth in scriptural language, using literary examples (such as sports headlines and Christmas films) to argue that metaphor and myth can convey profound theological realities rather than mere fiction.
Isaiah 14:12-21 · Isaiah 1:7 · Isaiah 1:27
Bible Study
A lecture or study guide titled "The Vision of the Holy: An awesome privilege," dated June 12, 2005. The document examines Isaiah 6:1-13, specifically focusing on verses 8-10. The author provides a prologue that contextualizes the vision within the literary structure of the Book of Isaiah, noting that unlike Jeremiah or Ezekiel, Isaiah's call follows oracles of judgment. The text includes reflections on the contemporary American religious landscape, referencing the "Religious Right" and "Spiritual Left," and cites Sam Powell's *A Theology of Sustainability* regarding the post-Christian state of America. The author also traces the development of these specific studies from 1985 through 1993 and discusses the theological implications of Isaiah's commission to proclaim a message that hardens the hearts of the people.
Isaiah 6:1-13 · Isaiah 6:8-10
Bible Study
A lecture or study guide titled 'Children, Signs of God’s Presence (7:1—9:7),' focusing on the theme of trust in the face of political instability. The document examines the historical context of King Ahaz of Judah, Israel, and Syria during the expansion of the Assyrian Empire. The author explores the theological significance of children mentioned in the text (Shear-jasub, Immanuel, Maher-shal-hash-baz) as signs of God's presence and as a divine perspective contrasting with human political scheming. The text includes references to the Messianic prophecies in Isaiah 7:14 and 9:6, and draws parallels to the Sermon on the Mount regarding worry and trust.
Isaiah 7:1-9 · Isaiah 7:14 · Isaiah 8:3
Bible Study
A Bible study lecture or sermon notes dated May 22, 2005, focusing on Isaiah 5:1-30. The document explores the theme of God as 'the Holy One of Israel' through an analysis of the 'Song of the Vineyard' (vv. 1-7). Carver interprets the parable of the vineyard as an oracle of judgment, comparing the farmer's failed expectation of good grapes to God's expectation of justice and righteousness in Israel, contrasted against the reality of bloodshed and cries of distress. The text discusses the concept of divine judgment as 'divine neglect' and includes references to Nathan's parable in 2 Samuel 12, the story of Naboth's vineyard in 1 Kings 21, and commentary by scholars such as John Oswalt and Brevard Childs.
Isaiah 1:4 · Isaiah 2:1-4:6 · Isaiah 5:1-30
Bible Study
Lecture notes or study guide prepared by Frank G. Carver for a session dated March 13, 2005, regarding the Book of Isaiah. The document provides an introduction to the prophet Isaiah, including a historical timeline of the Judean kings (Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah) and the geopolitical context of the Assyrian threat. It discusses the etymology of Isaiah's name, his role as a 'statesman prophet,' and his prophetic ministry. The text also outlines the structure of the Book of Isaiah within the Old Testament canon (Major vs. Minor Prophets), provides a thematic outline of the book's contents (chapters 1–66), lists significant Isaianic passages, and includes a bibliography of scholarly commentaries including works by Delitzsch, Smith, Anderson, Watts, and Oswalt.
Isaiah 1:1 · Isaiah 1:3 · Isaiah 1:18
Bible Study
A lecture or study guide focusing on the introduction and authorship of the Epistle of James, specifically addressing James 1:1. The document incorporates commentary from Jeanne Serrao and references a presentation by Herb Prince regarding the Hellenistic context of the letter. Key themes include the distinction between theoretical wisdom (sophia) and practical wisdom (phronesis), the identity of the author (James) in relation to the various men named James in the New Testament, and the linguistic and sociological implications of the author's self-identification as a 'servant' (doulos). The text also discusses the influence of the Septuagint, Jewish wisdom traditions, and the historical context of the early Church.
James 1:1
Bible Study
A lecture or study notes exploring the importance of literary genre in biblical interpretation. The author defines 'genre' and discusses the necessity of identifying historical, social, and literary frames of reference when reading ancient texts. Using examples such as the distinction between historical books and prophets in the Jewish canon, the nature of the Book of Revelation (apocalyptic vs. prophecy), the varying styles of the Gospels, and the creation narratives in Genesis, the text argues that correct genre identification is essential to determining the intended meaning and function of Holy Scripture.
James 1:1 · Jonah · Revelation 1:3
Bible Study
A personal meditation by Frank G. Carver on the Epistle of James, focusing on the theme of 'wisdom from above.' Carver presents an overview of the text (James 1:1–5:20) without external scholarly consultation, aiming to apply the message to practical living and spiritual formation. The document explores the 'royal law' of loving one's neighbor (2:8) and defines the characteristics of heavenly wisdom (3:17). Carver specifically examines the theological concept of 'truth' (alētheia) as a dynamic, life-giving force rooted in the Gospel and the person of Christ, drawing connections between James and the Johannine literature.
James 1:1-5:20 · James 1:17 · James 1:5
Bible Study
A study guide or lesson plan focusing on the relationship between faith and actions in James 2:14-26. The document addresses the apparent theological contradiction between Paul's teaching on justification by faith (Ephesians 2:8-9) and James's assertion that a person is justified by works (James 2:24). The text incorporates commentary from Jeanne Serrãos to explore historical perspectives, including Martin Luther's critiques of the Epistle of James and his views on the necessity of charity. The author divides the passage into three parts, analyzing the themes of 'action-less faith' and the use of Old Testament examples to demonstrate how true faith is evidenced by deeds. The document also notes the use of the term 'actions' as a contemporary alternative to 'works' and references the 'royal law' of loving one's neighbor.
James 2:14-26 · James 2:24 · Ephesians 2:8-9
Bible Study
A Bible study manuscript focusing on the themes of speech and self-control in James 3:1-12. The author explores the dangers of an unbridled tongue, categorizing harmful speech into lying, unnecessary, and unkind words. The text incorporates references to the Desert Fathers, Gregory the Great, and the Psalms to discuss the virtue of silence. The study provides an exegesis of James 3, examining the heightened accountability of teachers (vv. 1-2), the uncontrollable nature of the tongue (vv. 3-6), and the inconsistency of praising and cursing from the same mouth (vv. 7-12).
James 1:19 · James 1:26 · James 3:1-12
Bible Study
A study outline and lecture notes focusing on James 4:1-10, with references to James 1, 2, and 5. The document includes a series of rhetorical questions regarding the oppression of the poor by the rich (citing examples such as bankers, CEOs, and politicians), a scriptural text of James 1:2–5:22, and a structural outline of the Epistle of James. The notes also incorporate commentary on the themes of partiality, the tongue, and the relationship between faith and works, alongside references to Robert Wall's structural analysis of the book.
James 1:2-27 · James 2:1-13 · James 2:14-26
Bible Study
A personal study note dated August 25, 2002, regarding the Book of Job. The author, writing alongside 'Art,' explores the literary and theological dimensions of Job, referencing it as 'The Shakespeare of the Old Testament.' The text discusses the intersection of Bible as literature and Bible as scripture, citing scholars such as Bernard Anderson, David J. A. Clines, and J. Gerald Janzen. Key themes addressed include the problem of suffering (theodicy), the distinction between practical and reflective wisdom literature, and the existential questions of human identity and relationship to God. The document includes a bibliography of referenced works by Barbara Brown Taylor, William Safire, Clovis G. Chappell, Susannah Ticlement, David F. Ford, and others.
Job · James 5:11 · Isaiah 51:1-6
Bible Study
A lecture or study notes dated September 1, 2001, focusing on Job 1:1-5 and the concept of 'perfection.' The document begins with an outline of the Book of Job's structure and includes a discussion of a Newsweek article by Kenneth Woodward regarding the modern decline in the doctrine of hell. The author explores the biblical meaning of the word 'perfect' (tam/teleios), drawing connections between the character of Job, the Wesleyan doctrine of 'entire sanctification' as defined in the Church of the Nazarene Manual, and various New Testament uses of the term. The text also references scholarly commentary by Hartley and Fokkelman, and compares the KJV translation of 'perfect' to 'blameless' or 'guiltless.'
Job 1:1-5 · Job 1:11 · Job 2:5
Bible Study
A study note dated September 15, 2002, regarding the structure and literary themes of the Book of Job. The document outlines the division between the prose prologue/epilogue and the poetic dialogues, noting the tension between the characterization of Job in each section. Carver incorporates theological perspectives from Gustavo Gutiérrez on the suffering of the innocent and the relationship between theology and spirituality, as well as literary analysis from Gerald Janzen regarding the book's movement from catastrophe back to a transformed beginning. The text also references Harold S. Kushner's work on the problem of suffering.
Job 1:1-2:13 · Job 1:1-5 · Job 1:6-12
Bible Study
A lecture or study notes dated September 22, 2002, focusing on the prologue of the Book of Job (1:6-12), titled 'The Wager.' The document outlines a structural breakdown of the prologue, contrasting the heavenly dialogue with the earthly narrative. It examines the figure of 'the Satan' (hassatan), analyzing the Hebrew term as a title meaning 'the accuser' or 'the adversary' rather than a proper name. The text explores the role of the Satan within the Divine Council as a legalistic figure or public prosecutor, drawing linguistic connections between the Hebrew 'stn' and the Greek 'kategoreo' in the New Testament. The author incorporates perspectives from various scholars, including Gustavo Gutierrez, Gerald Janzen, Bernard Anderson, and G. B. Caird, to discuss themes of suffering, justice, and the heavenly court.
Job 1:1-5 · Job 1:6-12 · Job 1:33-22
Bible Study
A lecture or study guide titled 'From Heart to Heart,' dated October 13, 2002, examining the prologue of the Book of Job (1:1–2:13). The text provides a structural analysis of the narrative, contrasting the heavenly and earthly dimensions of the drama. Key themes include the 'two sides of one question' regarding the suffering of the righteous and the nature of disinterested piety. The document details the sequence of Job's losses, noting a chiastic reversal in the order of calamities compared to his initial blessings. Carver also explores the literary use of repetition, the symbolic significance of the fourfold origin of disaster, and the function of ritualized grief (referencing Janzen and Underhill) in maintaining sanity during trauma. The text concludes with an analysis of Job's response of worship and his refusal to charge God with wrongdoing.
Job 1:1-5 · Job 1:6-12 · Job 1:13-22
Bible Study
A lecture or study notes prepared by Frank G. Carver, dated October 27, 2002, focusing on Job 3:1–26. The document begins with an outline of the first cycle of dialogue in the Book of Job (Job 3:1–14:22). Using an analogy of a 2002 World Series baseball play involving Steve Kline, Carver explores Job's 'self-curse' and his desire to reverse the day of his birth. The text examines Job's use of 'counter-cosmic incantation'—language that seeks to undo the stages of creation to achieve death—and compares his lament to the prophetic language of Jeremiah. The document concludes by discussing Job's transition from a quest for death to a quest for meaning through a series of 'why' questions.
Job 3:1-26 · Job 2:10 · Jeremiah 20:14-18
Bible Study 2016
A study titled 'I AM COMING TO YOU: The Johannine Witness,' which explores the person and work of the Holy Spirit (the Paraclete) in the Gospel of John. The document includes an introduction in which the author reflects on the publication history and commercial failure of his 1996 book, 'When Jesus Said Goodbye: John’s Witness to the Holy Spirit,' citing issues with Nazarene Publishing House marketing and the text's perceived theological abstraction. The author also provides a preface that outlines the study's aim to examine the Johannine witness to the Spirit in relation to Jesus and the Church, referencing scholars such as B.F. Westcott, Robert Browning, and Amos Wilder.
John 1:1-21:25 · John 16:13-15 · John 20:31
Bible Study
This document is a lecture or study guide titled 'I AM COMING TO YOU: The Johannine Witness,' which serves as a continuation and revision of the first chapter of Carver's work, 'When Jesus Said Goodbye: John’s Witness to the Holy Spirit (1996).' The text examines the role of the Holy Spirit in the Gospel of John, specifically focusing on the themes of peace and the 'Advocate' (John 14:26-27, 16:13-15). The author addresses the theological tension between the 'Jesus of history' and the 'Christ of faith,' referencing historical scholarship including Albert Schweitzer, Reimarus, and Rudolf Bultmann to explore how the physical departure of Jesus necessitates the presence of the Spirit for the contemporary Church.
John 1:1 · John 13:31-38 · John 14:26-27
Devotional
A devotional study guide for the First Epistle of John, organized by thematic sections (e.g., 'The Life Appearred', 'Forgiveness and Cleansing', 'Antichrists'). The document pairs specific biblical passages from 1 John 1–5 with reflective, interpretive questions intended for meditation. These questions address theological nuances, such as the sequence of cleansing and forgiveness, the interpretation of 'world' and 'antichrist' in contemporary life, and the application of contrasts between light and darkness.
1 John 1:1-10 · 1 John 2:1-29 · 1 John 2:12-14
Lecture 1985
Inductive lecture notes prepared by Frank G. Carver for a course on 1 John, dated Spring 1985. The document outlines a thematic study of the epistle centered on the theme 'Life in the Son' (1 John 5:13). The notes include structural analyses of the text using various scholarly frameworks (including Bultmann, Schnackenburg, and Haering), discussions on the literary genre of the epistle (evaluating it as a treatise or theological tract), and pedagogical instructions for students, such as paragraphing exercises and identifying key theological motifs like Christology, ethics, and assurance. The notes also incorporate quotations from John Wesley and Shirley Cox, and reference various biblical commentaries and scholars.
1 John 1:1 · 1 John 1:5 · 1 John 2:27
Academic Paper
An academic paper exploring the relationship between John Wesley's spiritual experience and the concept of 'dark faith' as defined by the Spanish mystic John of the Cross. The author compares Wesley's use of light and darkness metaphors—which Wesley typically applied to sin and ignorance—with the apophatic tradition of the mystics. The text examines Wesley's complex relationship with mysticism, noting his aversion to 'bad' mystics who bypass the means of grace, while acknowledging his deep engagement with 'practical mystics' such as Madame Guyon and Brother Lawrence. The author suggests that while Wesley avoided the terminology of the 'dark night of the soul,' his personal experiences shared similarities with the contemplative traditions of John of the Cross.
1 John 1:5-7 · Ephesians 5:8
Book Chapter
This document contains the front matter, table of contents, and preface for Frank G. Carver's book, 'When Jesus said good-bye: John's witness to the Holy Spirit,' published by Beacon Hill Press of Kansas City in 1996. The text includes copyright information, ISBN, and a list of Bible versions used in the work. The table of contents outlines eleven chapters focusing on various passages in the Gospel of John concerning the Holy Spirit (the Paraclete). The preface describes the book's aim to explore the Johannine witness to the Holy Spirit and recounts the author's personal inspiration for the study, which originated from a teaching assignment at Pasadena College. The document also includes a dedication to the author's wife, Betty, and fragments of bibliographic citations.
John 1:29-34 · John 1:33 · John 14:12
Academic Paper
An appendix titled 'Forsyth on the Incarnation' discussing the Christology of Chalcedon Forsyth. The text explores a 'moral and experimental method' in theology as an alternative to pagan-influenced frameworks. It examines two theories regarding the Incarnation: one where the Incarnation is the result of a pre-existent moral decision (involving kenosis), and another where it is the result of continuous, ascending moral action and growth during Christ's earthly life, culminating in the cross. The document notes that in both scenarios, the cross serves as the supreme moral act that introduces a new moral value into humanity. The text includes citations from Forsyth's 'Person and Place of Jesus Christ' and commentary by A. M. Hunter regarding the paradox of the Chalcedonian formula.
Sermon
Two personal statements from Kevin Newburg detailing his academic and ministerial trajectory. The first statement describes his transition from a pre-law track at Northern Illinois University to theological studies at Point Loma College, noting the influence of professors Frank Carver, Reuben Welch, Herb Prince, John Lown, and Jerry McCant. He recounts his experiences at Nazarene Theological Seminary (NTS), his internship at Overland Park Christian Church (Disciples of Christ), and early pastoral roles in Seattle and Lynden, Washington. The second, fragmentary section contains a citation from 'Green' regarding the integration of biblical study with pastoral care, theological ethics, and social witness.
Book Chapter 2014
A lecture or paper titled "John Wesley’s Dark Night of the Soul?" presented between August 4-8, 2014. The text explores the intersection of John Wesley's theology with the mystical tradition, specifically comparing Wesley's use of light and darkness metaphors with the works of John of the Cross. The author discusses Wesley's complex relationship with mysticism—noting his warnings against mystics who bypass the means of grace while acknowledging his use of 'practical mystics' like Madame Guyon—and reflects on a personal scholarly essay comparing Wesley and John of the Cross regarding sanctification.
1 John 1:5-7 · Ephesians 5:8
Book Chapter
This document contains editorial revisions and suggestions for a commentary or study text focusing on the greeting in 1 Peter 1:1-2. The text discusses the etymology and usage of the names Simon, Peter, and Cephas, noting the transition from Aramaic to Greek nomenclature. It provides an analysis of Peter's self-identification as 'an apostle of Jesus Christ,' comparing his lack of self-justification to the Pauline epistles. The text also explores the definition of 'apostle' as one sent with authority and concludes with a theological discussion on the role of the Holy Spirit in sanctification and the believer's obedience, referencing Wesley and Wynkoop.
1 Peter 1:1-2 · Matthew 16:13-16 · Mark 8:27-30
Academic Paper
This document appears to be a section of a larger work, possibly a series of book reviews or lectures, discussing the spiritual lives of Mother Teresa and Thomas Kelly. The first portion examines Brian Kolodiejchuk’s biography, *Mother Teresa: Come Be My Light*, focusing on the parallels between Mother Teresa’s experience of 'dark faith' and the mysticism of John of the Cross. It details her early life, her 1942 vow of obedience, and her 1946 mystical encounter that led to the founding of the Missionaries of Charity. The latter portion of the text, indicated by citations, references the spiritual writings and biographical memoirs of Thomas Kelly, including his works 'The Gathered Meeting' and 'A Testament of Devotion.'
Book Chapter
Notes and ideas for an introduction and exegesis of a joint study by Frances Young and David F. Ford regarding 2 Corinthians. The document outlines a discussion on the tension between historical-critical philology and theological interpretation, arguing against a dichotomy between the 'text itself' and 'dogma.' It addresses the 'hermeneutical gap' between the historical context of the letter and its contemporary application, suggesting that the search for original meaning is a necessary starting point for discovering latent meanings. The notes also touch upon the themes of God's glory (doxa) and Paul's reputation, the crisis of confidence in the Corinthian church, and the use of Buber’s 'I-It' and 'I-Thou' frameworks. The document concludes with references to the authors' translation of the text and recommendations for reading it alongside Greek text and previous chapters.
2 Corinthians
Bible Study
An article by David Van Biema, originally published in Newsweek (September 10, 2007), discussing the publication of the book 'Mother Teresa: Come Be My Light' edited by Rev. Brian Kolodiejchuk. The text explores the discrepancy between Mother Teresa's public persona as the 'Saint of the Gutters' and her private spiritual struggles, as revealed in her correspondence with spiritual confidants like Rev. Michael van der Peet. The article details her experiences of 'spiritual darkness,' 'dryness,' and a perceived absence of God's presence that lasted for nearly half a century, while also noting the theological context of the 'dark night of the soul.' The piece concludes with a critical perspective from Christopher Hitchens regarding the use of her private anguish for religious purposes.
Article 2009
Lecture notes and course outlines for Carver's 'Life of Holiness' classes, dated February 23–24, 2009. The document details class procedures, including readings from Henri Nouwen’s 'The Way of the Heart' and Carver's own work, 'The Cross and the Spirit: Peter and the Way of the Holy.' The notes include a personal 'Morning Resolve' prayer, reflections on Carver's personal 'Rule of Devotion' developed from the influence of Kenneth Leech and Reuben Welch, and theological discussions regarding prevenient grace, the 'hidden Christ,' and Wesleyan understandings of participation in grace. The text also contains references to scholarly works by Raymond Brown, H. Ray Dunning, and Albert C. Outler.
John 5:39-47 · John 8:39-43 · John 8:46-47
Lecture 2010
An instructional guide for students on conducting an exegetical study of a pericope found in all three Synoptic Gospels. The document outlines a specific five-stage research methodology: literary setting, structure and form, detailed analysis (focusing on word meaning, syntax, and rhetorical devices), summary interpretation (addressing both the biblical-theological meaning and the historical setting of Jesus' ministry), and contemporary relevance. It includes requirements for paper length, grading weight, and bibliography composition, as well as evaluation criteria focusing on mechanics, exegetical procedure, and interpretive insight.
Synoptic Gospels
Lecture
A lecture transcript by N.T. Wright, originally delivered as the Laing Lecture and Griffith Thomas Lecture in 1989 and published in Vox Evangelica (1991). Wright explores the concept of biblical authority through two lenses: the nature of an 'authoritative book' and the means by which the Bible exercises authority. He critiques common evangelical views for being too low in their assessment of Scripture and proposes a re-evaluation of authority in relation to the church's life and task. The text discusses various contextual uses of the word 'authority' and addresses the historical debates involving scripture, tradition, reason, and emotion.
Book Chapter 2007
Draft notes and reflections for a potential theological essay regarding the 'holiness tradition' in 2 Corinthians 6:4–7:16. The document contains excerpts from a commentary 'from the text' section, including an analysis of the 'sandwich character' of the passage (interspersing appeals for fellowship with an exhortation to holy living). The author outlines themes of separation from unbelief, the church as the temple of God, and the dual nature of holiness as both a decisive 'crisis' and a 'patient laborious' process. The text also includes preliminary research questions, references to scholars such as William Barclay and James Denney, and notes on future work related to global conference papers.
2 Corinthians 6:4-7:16 · 2 Corinthians 6:11-13 · 2 Corinthians 6:14-7:1
Book Chapter
An essay by Frank G. Carver exploring the theological themes and hermeneutical approach found in 2 Corinthians. The author examines Paul's use of Old Testament scripture, his emphasis on the transformative power of the Spirit, and the relationship between biblical theology and Christian homiletics. The text discusses Paul's interpretation of Exodus 34:29-35 and posits that a contemporary approach to 2 Corinthians should center on Paul's Spirit-empowered witness to the person and work of Christ, emphasizing a Christological-ethical imperative.
2 Corinthians 1:1 · 2 Corinthians 3:7-18 · 2 Corinthians 3:17-18
Devotional
A devotional study titled 'From Bethel to Peniel: A Study of Jacob (Genesis 25:19--35:29),' specifically focusing on 'Jacob at Bethel (Genesis 28:1-22).' The text examines Jacob's reaction to his dream at Bethel, analyzing his sense of awe, fear, and the recognition of the site as the 'house of God.' The author draws parallels between Jacob's experience and Moses at the burning bush, references Rudolf Otto's concept of the 'mysterium tremendum,' and incorporates personal reflections on experiencing the holy in a small church in Valentine, Nebraska. The document also discusses Jacob's transition from verbal realization to physical ritual through the setting up of a stone pillar.
Genesis 25:19-35:29 · Genesis 28:1-22 · Genesis 28:16-17
Lecture
An instructional guide for conducting an exegesis of a Pauline passage, specifically using Romans 12:1-2 as a working example. The document outlines a multi-stage methodology for biblical interpretation, including quoting standard English versions, analyzing literary genre and historical setting, determining literary placement and role within the book, constructing structural and form analyses, performing detailed interpretation of syntax and literary devices, and synthesizing the theological intention and contemporary witness of the text. The guide also provides specific instructions on bibliography requirements (Turabian style), source selection, and stylistic formatting.
Romans 12:1-2 · Mark 1:29-31 · Galatians 5:13-15
Bible Study
A sermon manuscript titled 'A Wesleyan Understanding of the Fullness of the Spirit,' likely delivered on Pentecost Sunday in 2011. The text explores the theological significance of Pentecost, tracing its biblical roots from the Jewish 'feast of weeks' to its role in the New Testament as the marking of a new covenant and the empowerment of the Church. The author discusses the historical nomenclature of the Church of the Nazarene, provides a brief biblical theology of the 'Spirit of God' (referencing Genesis, 1 Samuel, and the Psalms), and incorporates Wesleyan perspectives on holiness, including a quote from John Wesley. The document concludes with reflections on the invitation of the Holy Spirit and the lyrics to a Methodist hymn.
Acts 2:1-41 · Luke 11:13 · Acts 2:1
Book Chapter
A theological commentary and analysis of 2 Peter 1:1-11, focusing on the themes of equality among believers, the divinity of Christ, and the integration of cognitive and emotive faith. The author examines the concept of participating in the divine nature (1:4) not as Greek philosophical essence, but as a gift of Christ that enables godliness. The text further explores the balance between God's initiative in salvation and the believer's responsibility to grow in virtue and knowledge (epignōsis and gnōsis) to ensure effectiveness and security in the faith.
2 Peter 1:1-2 · 2 Peter 1:3-11 · 2 Peter 3:15
Book Chapter
A draft or revision of a commentary on 1 Peter 1:1-2, focusing on the theological implications of the text. The author discusses the presence of Trinitarian foundations in the opening verses, noting the roles of the Father's foreknowledge, the Holy Spirit's sanctification, and the atoning death of Jesus Christ. The text explores Peter's use of Israelite imagery to describe Gentile Christians as 'elect' and 'scattered,' and examines the concept of believers as 'resident aliens' in the world. Additionally, the document provides a theological analysis of sanctification (hagiasmos) as both a result and a process of the Holy Spirit's work, and concludes with a discussion on resisting spiritual opposition from the devil through the strength of God.
1 Peter 1:1-2 · Matthew 28:19 · 2 Corinthians 13:14
Sermon
A compilation of thematic notes, topical indices, and theological quotations organized by date, spanning from 1989 to 2005. The document serves as a repository of references for sermon preparation and lectures, covering subjects such as the Cross, the Law, Judgment, Justice, Mercy, and the 'Darkness of God.' Included are excerpts from authors such as E. E. Herman, Thomas Merton, H. Richard Niebuhr, George MacDonald, T. S. Eliot, Kenneth Leech, and Ronald Blythe. The document also contains brief personal reflections on church heritage and notes regarding John of the Cross.
Exodus 20:19-20 · Isaiah 6 · Isaiah 45:15
Sermon
An essay by R. Maddox exploring John Wesley's approach to biblical interpretation and his relationship with the biblical canon. The author examines the tension between 'biblicism' (the idea of being 'a man of one book') and the use of scholarly tools, noting that Wesley's concept of 'homo unius libri' meant regarding no book as comparatively authoritative to the Bible, rather than rejecting all other study. The document addresses Wesley's use of the King James Version, his engagement with the Apocrypha as a source for Christian 'manners' rather than doctrine, and his eventual adoption of a more strictly Protestant stance on the Apocrypha. The essay aims to survey what Bible Wesley read, how he interpreted it, and his motivations for biblical study.
Ecclesiasticus 38:1–2
Bible Study 2008
Lecture notes or study materials for a session on Romans 1, dated January 6, 2008. The document introduces a study of Paul's letter to the Romans, primarily referencing William M. Greathouse's two-volume commentary (New Beacon Bible Commentary) with contributions from George Lyons. The text outlines the historical setting of the letter (likely written from Corinth, 53-59 AD), discusses the theological shift from a traditional Lutheran/Reformed understanding of justification to a 'new perspective' that emphasizes God's righteousness as a power for ethical transformation—a view shared by Ernst Käsemann, John Wesley, and N. T. Wright. The document also includes a structural outline of Romans provided by Greathouse, covering the letter's prescript and the thesis of the gospel, and concludes with brief, unrelated fragments regarding Augustine's conversion and Karl Barth.
Romans 1:1-15 · Romans 1:16-17 · Romans 1:18-32
Bible Study 2008
A study of Romans 1:1-7 focusing on Paul's Christology, specifically the identity of Jesus Christ as the 'Son of God.' The document includes a personal narrative by Frank G. Carver regarding his theological transition from Methodism to the Church of the Nazarene and his early interactions with William M. Greathouse. It also incorporates biographical information about the Apostle Paul, drawn from Greathouse's commentary, detailing Paul's Jewish heritage, Roman citizenship, and linguistic abilities.
Romans 1:1-7 · Philippians 3:4-6 · Acts 16:37-39
Bible Study
A lecture or study notes document dated February 3, 2008, focusing on Romans 1:8-15 and the theological themes of Romans. The author begins with an introduction contrasting the value systems of professional sports (referencing an article about Tomlinson) and the ministry of Mother Teresa. The text discusses recent Pauline scholarship, specifically reviewing Robert Jewett’s Hermeneia commentary on Romans and Luke Timothy Johnson’s critique of it in Christian Century. The author compares the scholarly approach of Jewett to the more 'passionately engaged' theological exposition found in Greathouse and George Lyons, particularly regarding the Wesleyan perspective on sanctification and obedience to the gospel. The document also mentions various scholars and former students of Emory University.
Romans 1:8-15 · Romans 1:5-7 · Colossians 3:10
Bible Study
A lecture or study guide titled 'Paul and the Wrath of God: The Dark Side of the Gospel,' focusing on Romans 1:18-32. The document begins with a retrospective on Romans 1:8-15, discussing the 'ministry of presence' and the mutual encouragement of faith, referencing Mother Teresa's approach to finding Jesus in others. The primary focus is an exposition of the 'human predicament' as described in Romans 1:18-32, examining the parallel Greek structure between the revelation of God's righteousness and the revelation of His wrath (apokalyptetai). The text explores the concept of God's wrath being revealed through the gospel and the consequences of humanity suppressing the truth, leading to moral depravity.
Romans 1:8-15 · Romans 1:11-12 · Romans 1:16-17
Bible Study
A lecture outline or study guide titled 'Paul and the Wrath of God: The Dark Side of the Gospel (Part IIa),' dated May 4, 2008. The document examines Romans 1:18-32, focusing on the theological implications of divine judgment and the contemporary controversy surrounding homosexuality. The author intends to present how Romans 1:26-27 is interpreted by proponents of same-sex committed relationships and provides commentary from William Greathouse and George Lyons regarding the human condition, natural theology, and idolatry. The text includes scriptural citations from the NIV and NASB, and references scholarly works by Hays, Rogers, and others.
Romans 1:18-32 · Romans 1:26-27 · 1 Corinthians 6:9
Bible Study
A lecture or study notes titled 'Paul and the Wrath of God: The Dark Side of the Gospel (Part IIb),' dated May 18, 2008, focusing on Romans 1:18-32. The document examines the theological implications of Romans 1:26-27 regarding homosexuality, specifically addressing the tension between biblical text and contemporary interpretations of same-sex relationships. The author explores the concept of 'God giving them over' to sexual perversion as a consequence of idolatry and reviews various scholarly perspectives, including those of Richard Hays, Walter Wink, Jack Rogers, and William Greathouse, regarding whether the passage refers to sexual orientation or specific behaviors.
Romans 1:18-32 · Romans 1:24 · Romans 1:26
Article
A personal journal documenting travel and reflections from July 21, 1996, to August 12, 1996. The entries track a journey beginning in Kansas City, moving through Scotland and Germany, and conclude in Buesingen, Germany. The text records personal observations regarding academic and spiritual transitions, interactions with various individuals (including Stan Ingersol, David Hayse, and the Baileys), and reflections on biblical texts such as Ephesians 4 and 6. The author notes details of travel logistics, local sightseeing in Scotland (including Edinburgh and Glasgow), and the beginning of linguistic work on syllables in Germany.
Ephesians 4:1-6 · Ephesians 6:5-6 · Psalm 25:5
Book Chapter
A response by Stephen S. Carver (dated June 9, 2005) addressing critiques of his book, *The UnGospel*. Carver argues that the loss of traditional Christology does not necessitate the loss of spirituality. He discusses the distinctions between general and special revelation, noting the tensions and historical developments within biblical texts. Carver contends that spirituality and a sense of accountability to God can exist apart from later Christological formulations, such as the Trinity, by focusing on the human experience as a 'son of man' in relation to the Creator.
Bible Study
A personal reflection and lecture outline regarding the development of a Wesleyan hermeneutic. The author addresses the challenges of interpreting Scripture within a postmodern culture characterized by the rejection of objective knowledge, and critiques certain evangelical media approaches that diverge from the Wesleyan perspective. The document outlines three foundational principles for a Wesleyan hermeneutic: that the Scriptures are 'Incarnational' (requiring historical and literary study), 'Christological' (centered on the witness to Jesus Christ), and 'God-breathed' (functioning through the Holy Spirit). The author identifies as both a convinced evangelical and a critical scholar. The text also includes a quotation from John Wesley’s 'Preface to Sermons' regarding his personal approach to studying the Word of God.
Romans 1:1 · Psalm 119:9 · Psalm 119:11
Bible Study
An article by David C. Steinmetz, published in Christian Century (October 30, 2007), discussing the spiritual implications of Mother Teresa's reported periods of spiritual desolation. Steinmetz compares her experience of feeling abandoned by God to Martin Luther's 'Anfechtungen' (spiritual trials) and St. John of the Cross's 'dark night of the soul.' The author argues that increased sensitivity to sin and the perception of a lack of progress are often indicators of spiritual growth, suggesting that sanctity involves persevering in duty and prayer even during periods of emotional or spiritual dryness.
Sermon
A sermon transcript titled 'The Easter Witness of 2 Corinthians' delivered by Frank G. Carver. The document discusses the theological themes of Paul's second letter to the Corinthians, specifically focusing on Christology as the lens through which Paul views God, the gospel, and ministry. Carver draws parallels between the theological dynamics of 2 Corinthians and the spiritual life of Mother Teresa, particularly regarding the connection between suffering and Christ's passion. The text explores the concept of the 'God who raises the dead' and the 'glory of God' revealed in the face of Christ, as well as the nature of the gospel as being centered on Christ, the love of God, and the fellowship of the Holy Spirit.
2 Corinthians 1:9 · 2 Corinthians 1:20 · 2 Corinthians 2:12
Devotional 2000
An outline for a devotional presentation titled 'The Burning Heart: The Devotional Experience,' prepared by Frank G. Carver on January 8, 2000. The document explores the nature of the 'burning heart' as a remembering and renewing experience, centered on the biblical narrative of the road to Emmaus. Carver outlines methods for cultivating this experience through the study of Scripture (utilizing various translations), the reading of spiritual classics (including works by Augustine, Thomas à Kempis, Brother Lawrence, and others), and the practice of spiritual disciplines. The outline includes a detailed 'Rule of Devotion' structured in three movements: moving from the world to the Word through solitude and surrender; moving from the mind to the heart through meditation and contemplation; and moving from the inward to the outward journey through intercession and praise. The text cites various theologians and spiritual writers, including Henri Nouwen, Thomas Keating, and Thomas Merton.
Luke 24:26 · Proverbs 4:23 · Luke 11:13
Devotional
A presentation transcript or essay titled 'The Burning Heart: The Devotional Experience.' The author introduces the concept of a meaningful devotional life through the historical example of Brother Lawrence of the Resurrection, a 17th-century French lay-brother known for his practice of the presence of God. Drawing on the biblical narrative of the disciples on the Road to Emmaus (Luke 24), the author proposes that the devotional experience consists of two related perspectives: a 'remembering' experience and a 'renew Far' experience. The document begins to explore the 'remembering' aspect, linking it to the reading and meditation on Scripture.
Luke 24
Bible Study
A study titled 'The Essence of Wesleyanism,' originally delivered as a talk at a 1993 Wesley Festival at Point Loma Nazarene College and later published in The Preachers’ Magazine (1996). The author explores the theological foundations of Wesleyanism, focusing on the concept of 'free grace.' The text examines John Wesley's dual understanding of grace: as God's undeserved favor and as the power of the Holy Spirit enabling human participation and renewal. Key theological themes include prevenient grace (described as 'free in all and free for all') and the relationship between grace, faith, and holiness. The document includes references to Wesley's sermons, the 1745 Conference Minutes, and H. Ray Dunning's work on Wesleyan systematic theology.
Ephesians 2:8 · 2 Corinthians 8:9 · Hebrews 4:16
Lecture
Inductive lecture notes for a course on the Epistle to the Hebrews. The document outlines a structural approach to studying the text, referencing H. T. Kuist’s structural chart and discussing various methods of dividing the epistle (e.g., 1:1–7:28, 8:1–10:18, 10:19–13:25). The notes include prompts for students to identify topic sentences, themes, and literary forms, citing scholars such as Feine-Behm-Kuemmel, Filson, Attridge, Puskas, and Kennedy to explore whether the text is an epistle, sermon, or oration. Additionally, the notes provide specific study questions regarding the author's style, the use of Old Testament imagery, and the theological implications of the warning passages.
Hebrews 1:1 · Hebrews 1:1-14 · Hebrews 1:1-3
Lecture 2004
A lecture transcript by Bruce McCormack, Professor of Systematic Theology at Princeton Theological Seminary, delivered to a class taught by Sam Powell on November 19, 2004. The lecture, titled 'Called unto Holiness: The Doctrine of Sanctification,' explores the definition of sanctification as the transformative work of the Holy Spirit to destroy the dominion of sin. Drawing on Karl Barth's 1919 commentary on Romans, McCormack describes the 'sin nature' as a state of autonomy and alienation from God and others resulting from the Fall. The text discusses the transition from a 'being-with' to a 'being-over-against' God and others, and posits that sanctification involves the overcoming of this 'old self' to create a redeemed self.
Hebrews 12:14 · Galatians 5:16-18 · Ephesians 2:3
Sermon
A collection of sermon topics, thematic ideas, and quotations organized by date, spanning from 1989 to 2005. The document includes a topical index covering subjects such as 'Darkness of God,' 'Justice-mercy,' 'Hidden God,' and 'John of the Cross.' Chronological entries provide specific quotations from authors including E. E. Herman, Thomas Merton, H. Richard Niebuhr, George MacDonald, T. S. Eliot, Kenneth Leech, and Ronald Blythe, often linked to specific sermon dates or lecture notes.
Exodus 20:19-20 · Isaiah 6 · Isaiah 45:15
Article
An article discussing the relevance of biblical interpretation within a Wesleyan context, specifically addressing the challenges posed by postmodernism and certain evangelical traditions. The author outlines the necessity of a Wesleyan hermeneutic and examines John Wesley's approach to Scripture as presented in his 'Preface to Sermons,' emphasizing themes of humility, the role of the Holy Spirit, and the primacy of love. The text also begins to outline foundational principles of biblical authority, describing the Scriptures as both 'incarnational' and 'christological.'
Romans 1:1 · Galatians 2:20
Bible Study
A study guide or lecture notes prepared by Frank G. Carver for a session dated October 2, 2005, focusing on Evelyn Underhill's book, 'The Golden Sequence.' The document examines the section of the book titled 'Spiritual Life,' which Underhill structures around the 13th-century Latin hymn 'Veni, Sanctum Spiritus.' The text includes selected quotations from Underhill regarding the nature of the created spirit, the tension between human natural and supernatural natures, the capacity for God within humanity, and the role of the Holy Spirit in the soul's development. Carver includes Latin excerpts from the hymn and notes his own reflections on specific passages.
Veni, Sancte Spiritus
Bible Study
A lecture or study notes prepared by Frank G. Carver dated May 29, 2005, focusing on the life and spiritual writings of the English mystic Evelyn Underhill (1875–1941). The document discusses Underhill's transition from a theocentric to a Christocentric spiritual orientation under the direction of Baron Friedrich von Hügel, her relationship to the 13th-century hymn 'Veni, Sancte Spiritus,' and her work 'The Golden Sequence' (1933). The text also references John Mason Neale's translation of the hymn and includes scholarly commentary regarding Underhill's place within the tradition of classical mysticism versus experientialism.
New Testament
Article
An article draft or lecture outline titled 'The Biblical Concept of the Holy,' focusing on perspectives from biblical theology. The text explores the concept of holiness through various theological lenses, including the works of Dennis Kinlaw, A.W. Tozer, Rudolf Otto, and Evelyn Underhill. It examines the 'mysterium tremendum' and the 'wholly other' nature of God, the Hebrew concept of 'qodesh,' and the tension between the incomprehensibility of God's essence and the knowability of His attributes. The document includes scholarly notes, references to hymn writers like Charles Wesley, and discussions on holiness as a fundamental religious category.
John 6:63
Bible Study 2011
This document is an adaptation of an essay and workshop presentation originally prepared for the February 2011 Northwest Nazarene University Wesleyan Center Conference, titled 'The Bible Tells Me So.' The author explores theological themes in 2 Corinthians, specifically focusing on the 'Pauline gospel' in contrast to other interpretations of Jesus. The work is structured around a '10 and 5' format: ten theological or homiletical points to include in a sermon series and five things to avoid. The text discusses the tension between biblical authority, the influence of Enlightenment-era historical criticism, and the Wesleyan approach to Scripture. The introduction emphasizes Paul's use of Old Testament scripture to shape his theology and his passionate concern for the integrity of the gospel within the Corinthian church.
2 Corinthians · 1 Corinthians 15:3 · 2 Corinthians 11:4
Book Chapter
An essay by Frank G. Carver exploring the theological themes of 2 Corinthians, focusing on Paul's use of Old Testament Scripture and his Spirit-led hermeneutic. Carver examines how Paul interprets the Law and the Prophets through the lens of the new covenant in Christ, emphasizing the transformative power of the Spirit and the interconnectedness of Scripture and the community of faith. The document includes a hymn-like poem regarding the cross and references various theological perspectives, including those of Wesley, Richard Hays, and Joachim Jeremias.
2 Corinthians 1:1 · 2 Corinthians 3:7-18 · 2 Corinthians 5:17
Sermon
A sermon by Frank G. Carver exploring the theological core of Wesleyanism, defined as 'free grace.' The text examines John Wesley's dual understanding of grace: first, as the undeserved favor of God (similar to the Reformers), and second, as the power of the Holy Spirit enabling human participation and renewal. Carver focuses heavily on the doctrine of prevenient grace—described as 'grace free in all, grace free for all'—and its role in enabling human response to God. The document further discusses the resulting spiritual graces of the assurance of salvation (referencing Wesley's Aldersgate experience) and the transformation of life.
Ephesians 2:8
Bible Study
A presentation transcript or lecture notes titled 'The Biblical Concept of the Holy,' likely delivered for a course at Point Loma Nazarene College. The document includes a preface discussing the Wesleyan holiness tradition, the tension between academic biblical scholarship and experiential piety within the Church of the Nazarene, and the impact of postmodern culture on evangelicalism. The author references H. Ray Dunning's work on holiness preaching and the necessity of historical and biblical interpretation. The text also incorporates reflections on the importance of divine holiness in preaching, citing Dennis Kinlaw.
1 Peter 1:13-16
Academic Paper
A personal study and reflective essay written by Frank G. Carver between 1979 and 1987. The author explores the concept of 'the darkness of God' through a theological and personal lens, specifically examining the Hebrew term 'arafel' (thick darkness) in Exodus 20:18-21 as a symbol of divine presence and hiddenness. Carver connects the biblical narrative of Moses at Sinai to his own spiritual search for the essence of the 'holiness' heritage within the Church of the Nazarene, blending personal confession, devotional essay, and biblical interpretation. The text references various theological perspectives, including the works of T.S. Eliot, Saint Augustine, Blaise Pascal, and Samuel Terrien.
Exodus 20:18-21 · Psalm 97:2 · Hosea 11:1-4
Sermon
This document contains an honors project by Greg Van Buskirk (2006) titled 'The Salvific Body of Christ: Wesleyan Christology Embodied in an Ecclesiology of Love.' The project examines the relationship between Christology and ecclesiology, specifically critiquing the potential for a 'monophysite' Christology in John Wesley's works—where Christ's human nature is subsumed by his divinity—and exploring how Wesley's ecclesiological practices might offer a pathway to healing this theological tension. The document also includes a brief evaluative note by Frank G. Carver, which assesses the quality of the undergraduate research, notes the influence of process theology and sacramentalism on the work, and questions the extent to which the author's views reflect his professors.
Sermon
A sermon transcript based on Isaiah 6:1-13, focusing on the theme of 'The Vision of the Holy.' The author explores the theological significance of Isaiah's vision, arguing that rather than a standard call narrative to legitimize a prophet, this chapter serves as a vision report to authenticate Isaiah's message of judgment to Israel. The sermon outlines three sub-topics: a vision of the transcendent (vv. 1-4), a vision of sin and grace (vv. 5-8), and a vision of judgment and hope (vv. 8-13). The author reflects on the implications of God's holiness for the contemporary Church of the Nazarene and discusses personal reflections on the 'holiness' tradition in relation to Old Testament texts, including Exodus 20 and Hosea 11.
Isaiah 6:1-13 · Isaiah 6:8 · Isaiah 6:9
Sermon
An autobiographical presentation delivered by Frank G. Carver at Eastern Nazarene College on October 10, 2001. The sermon, titled 'A Miracle Speech—73 Years in 20 Minutes!', reflects on Carver's spiritual development through various life stages. Key themes include the influence of 1 John 1:5-7, memories of his grandfather's Methodist preaching in Nebraska, his upbringing on a cattle ranch in the Nebraska Sandhills, and his eventual conversion at Taylor University in 1947. The text also touches upon his transition from teaching at Point Loma Nazarene College to teaching at European Nazarene Bible College in Germany.
1 John 1:5-7 · John 3:16 · Exodus 2
Sermon 2001
A sermon delivered by Frank G. Carver at Eastern Nazarene College (ENC) Chapel on October 10, 2001. The speaker reflects on his spiritual journey through various life stages, including his childhood in Nebraska, his time at Taylor University, and his transition to living in Quincy, Massachusetts. Using 1 John 1:5-7 as a theological foundation, Carver discusses themes of 'dry faith,' the process of enculturation, and the development of his ministry, while referencing his family history and early religious experiences.
1 John 1:5-7 · John 3:16 · Exodus 20:21
Article
This article, part of a seven-lesson series titled 'Our Hymnic Heritage,' provides a biographical study of Charles Wesley (1707-1788). The author examines Wesley's role as a prolific hymnist, his education at Westminster School and Christ Church, Oxford, and his involvement in the Holy Club. The text details his spiritual conversion in May 1738, influenced by Martin Luther's commentary on Galatians 2:20, and discusses his itinerant evangelism in Bristol and London. The author also compares Charles's ministry and theological emphasis on 'faith alone' with that of his brother, John Wesley.
Galatians 2:20 · Romans
Devotional
A preface and introductory section to a collection of prayers titled 'God Heard That! 31 Prayers that the Lord Heard and I Overheard' by Thomas E. Phillips. The author discusses the challenges of establishing a consistent prayer life, particularly among young Christians, and posits that learning to pray often occurs through 'overhearing' the prayers of others. The text includes a table of contents categorizing prayers by theme (e.g., Daily Life, Repentance, Guidance, Intercession, Praise, Strength, and the Unspeakable), a preface detailing the author's motivation and the use of various biblical translations, and the inclusion of 'The Lord’s Prayer' (Matthew 6:9-13) as a foundational model. The document concludes with advice on maintaining a prayer life and an invitation for readers to submit their own written prayers.
Matthew 6:9-13
Bible Study
A transcript or lecture notes from a Bible study session led by Frank G. Carver, featuring observations by Daniel G. Powers regarding 1 Peter 1:1 through 5:14. The document includes a biographical narrative provided by Powers detailing his doctoral studies at Leiden University, his experience learning Dutch and Latin, and his professional transition to Nazarene Bible College. The text also incorporates excerpts from Powers' forthcoming NBBC volume on 1 & 2 Peter and Jude, alongside Carver's theological reflections on the Trinitarian work of God and the context of the early Christian community.
1 Peter 1:1-2 · 1 Peter 2:11-17 · 1 Peter 2:24
Lecture
A white paper discussing the integration of Wesleyan theology and academic pursuit within the context of Point Loma Nazarene University. The document includes the university's mission statement and a preface outlining a theological framework for higher education. It explores the application of the Wesleyan quadrilateral—Scripture, tradition, reason, and experience—to the pursuit of truth and the various academic disciplines. The author intends to examine specific Wesleyan themes, including prevenient grace, the means of grace, Christian perfection, and catholic spirit, as foundations for institutional excellence and faithful learning.
1 Corinthians 13:12
Academic Paper
In this presentation, Frank G. Carver explores the theological concept of 'the darkness of God' as a lens through which to understand the Wesleyan and Church of the Nazarene holiness heritage. Drawing on Exodus 20:18-21, Carver examines the Hebrew term 'arafel' (thick darkness) to discuss the presence and hiddenness of the Divine. He connects Old Testament motifs of divine darkness to the spiritual writings of figures such as T.S. Eliot, St. John of the Cross, Thomas Merton, and Henri Nouwen. Carver uses this metaphor to reflect on his personal religious upbringing in the Methodist and Nazarene traditions and to pose a question regarding the contemporary Church's ability to encounter the transcendent presence of God.
Exodus 20:18-21 · Exodus 28:18-21 · Psalm 97:2